King Philip's War (1675-1678): the frame, the Native side and the family

Compiled 12 Oct 2026 for the research thread on King Philip's War. Everything below was read in the printed sources named (archive.org full texts), or in publisher pages and reviews where the modern books are not online. Page links use the printed page number (/page/<n>/mode/1up); confirm a page in the viewer before quoting it on the site. Tiers: [D] documented (a record or a printed transcript of one), [C] compiled, [I] inferred, [T] tradition.

1. Summary

New findings, first.

1. The Wading River meeting of 12 July 1670 was a treaty between Philip and Squamaug, and John Sassamon witnessed it. Capt. Hopestill Foster's letter of 22 June 1670 offered Philip a meeting "at Captain Hudson's farme at Wading river upon the 12th of July next." S. G. Drake (who owned the paper) and Clark's History of Norton say that on 12 July 1670, at Capt. William Hudson's house on Wading River, Philip and Squamaug, "Sachem of the Massachusetts," settled their bounds on the Plymouth-Massachusetts line, with Sassamon signing as witness (Mather 1862 ed., pp. 51-52 n.; Clark pp. 50-51) [C, probable]. Pierce's Foster Genealogy (p. 494) prints a third letter, from "Daniell (alias) Squamuck, Sachem," at "Mattakeeset, Mar 19, 1669-70," asking Capt. Foster for "the five pounds that you engaged to my deceased brother," and calling Philip's claim "the mount hope Sachem's pretended title" [D, transcript]. The Dorchester town accounts accepted 13 Nov 1671 pay "Capt. Foster for money he laid downe to the Sachem" and charge "Liquors for the Jorney to wading Riuer" (Fourth Report pp. 179-180) [D]. So Foster sat across from Philip and Sassamon five years before Sassamon's death began the war.
2. Capt. William Hudson of Boston links three ancestors to Philip and the Narragansett. He was Humphrey Atherton's partner in the Narragansett purchases (possession delivered "by turf and twig" to Hutchinson, Hudson and Smith, 1662; Potter pp. 65, 235); he witnessed Philip's submission at Taunton, 10 Apr 1671, which gave up the Wampanoag guns (Hubbard 1:54-55); his Wading River farm, "Dorchester house," held the 1670 meeting (Dorchester records p. 156); and Lt. John Holbrook was chosen in 1664 to serve "in the company of Capt. Hudson" (Bodge p. 280) [D; same man, I, probable].
3. Humphrey Atherton's Narragansett mortgage is named, by a contemporary, as a cause of the war. The sachems' mortgage of "all our whole Countrey" to the Commissioners for 595 fathom of wampum ([29?] Sept 1660, PCR 10:449) passed to "Atherton & Co." on 30 Oct 1660 (Potter p. 61). Easton, the Rhode Island deputy governor, wrote in Feb 1675/6 that the contest over Narragansett jurisdiction was "the greatest Case of the war against them" (Lincoln p. 17) [D].
4. Family printers made the war's books. John Foster (brother of Ensign Hopestill Foster) printed Increase Mather's Brief History (Evans 220) and Hubbard's Narrative with the first map cut in the colonies (Evans 231). Samuel Green of Cambridge (possibly the father of Mary Green, wife of John Kneeland) printed Wheeler (Evans 226) and Rowlandson (Evans 331-332), and had taken the Nipmuc James Printer as his apprentice in 1659 (Thomas 1:96); Bartholomew Green printed Church in 1716 (Evans
   1800. and the 1709 Psalter "by B. Green and J. Printer" [D/C].
5. Samuel Kneeland, the printer (Mary Green's son), was clerk of the whole body of Narragansett grantees. Voted at Luke Verdey's, Boston, 7 June 1733 (Heywood, History of Westminster, p. 51); granted 500 acres, "Kneeland's Farm," in 1735 for his work (Heywood p. 431). He attested the No. 5 grantee list (Bodge p. 434) [D, transcript]. Not in his famous-kin entry.
6. The Atherton-Mather-Foster web is a Dorchester web. Increase Mather, who wrote the war's first history, was the brother of Timothy Mather, whose wife Elizabeth Atherton was the sister of Rev. Hope Atherton, the chaplain lost after the Falls Fight (19 May 1676), whose story Mather's 1862 editor prints (pp. 260-261). John Foster printed Mather's book, and Dexter dated Annawon's capture by Foster's almanac of 1676 (Church, Dexter ed., pp. 153-154 n.) [D/C].
7. Sandwich, home of the Freemans, Ellises, Tuppers and Nyes, is where 57 surrenderers "lately come in ... in a submissiue way" were "condemned vnto ppetuall servitude" and sold (2 Sept 1675, PCR 5:174) [D]; Church called Plymouth's sale of the Dartmouth surrenderers "an action so hateful to Mr. Church, that he oppos'd it" (Dexter ed. pp. 45-46).
8. Plymouth's grievance list matches the family's own court records. Easton's Wampanoag complaint that "the English Catell and horses still incresed" so the Indians "Could not kepe ther coren from being spoyled" (Lincoln p. 11) is the story of Edmund Freeman's horses in the Manomet Indians' corn (1655), Lt. John Ellis's oxen in William's corn (1670) and William Harlow's 1671 view of "the Damage done to the Indians by the Horses and Hoggs of the English" [D].

Corrections to what the archive says.

• The 1678 order on the "concquest lands" names "Leift Jn° Holbrooke," not Capt. (MBR 5:204, 7 Oct 1678), and the sale meeting was at Plymouth "March next" (1678/9; PCR 6:19). Bodge's roster has "Weymouth. — John Holbrook, Lieut." (p. 473): his standing rank was lieutenant, the 1676 captaincy a field command [I, probable].
• The Foster-Philip letters are in the archive.org scan fostergenealogy03pier (p. 494). [Checked 12 Oct 2026: they are also on pp. 494-495 of fostergenealogy01pier, the scan the source file links, so its URL was right.]
• Atherton's Narragansett claim: the archive's "held illegal in 1688" (from Wikipedia) is unconfirmed. Potter prints the royal commissioners' order of 20 Mar 1664/5 declaring the purchase "void" and a 1683 commission report upholding the proprietors (pp. 179-181, 233-236).
• Holbrook's "Indian Servant Anthony" (1699): the 1676 orders bound captive children only to age 24 or 25, and a war captive would have been free by about 1700. A further 12 years after 1699 does not fit a 1676 child captive [I, probable]. No Indian named Anthony in the Weymouth vital records.
• Bodge's own errata (p. 481): on p. 32 "Springfield" Indians should read "Northampton and Hadley"; on p. 37 "Deerfield meadows" should read "Hatfield".

Best crossings: Hudson-Atherton-Foster-Holbrook (above); Sassamon and Foster at Wading River; James Printer between the Green press, Mary Rowlandson (aunt by marriage of Martha Ellinwood) and the 1709 Psalter; the Sandwich surrenderers and Lt. John Ellis's garrison town; the Punkapoag praying Indians on Dorchester's land, garrisoned with Dorchester, Milton and Braintree men (MBR 5:54), sent to Deer Island, then put to work "about Milton, Dorchester, and Brantree" (Gookin p. 532).

2. Chronology, June 1675 to April 1678

Casualty figures are as each source gives them; they disagree.

Date	Event	What the sources say	Family
10 Apr 1671	Philip's submission at Taunton: he gives up "all my English Arms" to Plymouth	Witnessed by "William Davis, William Hudjon, Thomas Brattle" (Hubbard, Drake ed. 1865, 1:54-55, orig. pp. 11-12) [D]. Plymouth declared his guns "justly forfeit" (PCR 5:63-64)	Hudson, Atherton's partner
29 Sept 1671	Articles at Plymouth: Philip to pay £100, five wolves' heads yearly, sell no land without approval	PCR 5:79 [D]. Easton: "now thay had not so much land or muny, that thay wear as good be kiled as leave all ther liveflyhode" (Lincoln p. 9)
29 Jan 1674/5	John Sassamon (Wussausmon), praying Indian and Philip's former scribe, found under the ice of Assawompset Pond	Lincoln p. 7 n.; Bodge pp. 26-27 [C]	Witness at Wading River, 1670
June 1675	Trial at Plymouth; Tobias and Mattashunannamoo "executed as murderers, June 8, 1675," Tobias's son "reprieved for one month and then shot"	Bodge p. 26 [C]; Cotton Mather: a jury "consisting half of English, and half of Indians" (Mather 1862 ed. p. 51); Lincoln's note: "four Indians and twelve whites" (p. 8 n.)
24 June 1675	Swansea: after the fast day "the Indians discharged a volley ... so that there were Nine Englishmen murthered this day"	I. Mather p. 54 [D]; Easton has the lad who shot an Indian "and his father and fief English more" killed (Lincoln p. 12); Bodge "eight or nine" (p. 27)	Elizabeth (Tilley) Howland later lived at Swansea
28 June-1 July	Massachusetts companies (Henchman, Prentice, Mosely) at Miles's garrison; skirmish at the bridge; Mount Hope swept empty	Bodge pp. 27-28 [C]
early July 1675	Plymouth forces cross to Pocasset; Church's party "engaged with a much larger force" and drawn off "by the tact and courage of Mr. Church" (the Pease Field fight)	Bodge p. 28 [C]	Church, famous kin (Warren)
15 July 1675	Massachusetts and Connecticut force a treaty on the Narragansett at Pettaquamscutt "with some of the old men"	Lincoln p. 13 n.; Bodge p. 28 ("Canonchet afterwards treated the whole matter with scorn") [C]
14 July 1675	Mendon, the first Massachusetts town hit: Nipmuc under Matoonas "committed Barbarous Murders"	I. Mather pp. 62-63; Bodge p. 31: "six or more of the settlers were killed" [C]	Job Tyler, early Mendon settler (Tyler cluster)
18 July 1675	Pocasset Swamp: "at the first volley they killed five and wounded seven"	Bodge p. 28 [C]
c. 30 July-1 Aug	Philip and Weetamoo's people escape across Seekonk plain; fight at Nipsachuck: "twenty-three of the enemy," incl. Woonashum (Nimrod), killed; two English killed	Bodge p. 31 [C]	Rehoboth men
2-4 Aug 1675	Brookfield (Quaboag): Hutchinson and Wheeler ambushed, "eight men outright" killed; town besieged until Willard came	Bodge p. 30; Wheeler's own narrative, Cambridge: Samuel Green, 1676 (Evans 226) [D/C]	Thomas Millett at Brookfield 1675 (Essex cluster)
4 Aug 1675	Plymouth council of war sells 112 "men, weomen, and children" brought in to Plymouth	PCR 5:173, quoted in Church (Dexter ed.) p. 45 n. [D]
24-25 Aug 1675	The Norwottuck (Hadley-Northampton) Indians flee; fight at Wequamps (Sugarloaf), nine English killed	Bodge p. 32 (and erratum p. 481) [C]
1-4 Sept 1675	Deerfield burned (1st); Northfield attacked (2nd); Capt. Beers and "some twenty of his men" killed at Saw-Mill Brook (4th)	Bodge p. 32 [C]
2 Sept 1675	Plymouth sells the 57 who came in to Sandwich	PCR 5:174 [D]	Sandwich families
9 Sept 1675	Commissioners of the United Colonies declare war	Lincoln p. 15 n. [C]
18 Sept 1675	Bloody Brook: Lathrop "with above seventy men" escorting carts from Deerfield; "killed Captain Lothrop, and above threescore of his men"	I. Mather pp. 84-85; Bodge p. 32: "between sixty and seventy"; Hull's list "At Muddy-Brook bridge y'' 18 Sept. 71 men slane" (Bodge p. 136) [D]	Peter Woodbury, Josiah Dodge (Essex cluster)
26 Sept, 5 Oct 1675	Springfield: "Thirty-two houses, and amongst the rest, the minister's" burned (C. Mather, p. 81)	Bodge p. 33 [C]	Deacon Samuel Chapin, d. 11 Nov 1675; John Pynchon's brick house a fort
19 Oct 1675	Hatfield: "Seven or eight hundred Indians broke in ... after the killing of but one Englishman ... they confessed the town too hot for them"	C. Mather in Mather 1862 ed. p. 84 [C]
30 Oct 1675	Natick praying Indians, "about two hundred souls," shipped by night to Deer Island	Gookin pp. 473-474 [D]
2 Nov / 10 Dec 1675	War on the Narragansett; army mustered on Dedham Plain, promised "a gratuity of land, besides their wages"	Bodge p. 406 [D]	Grantees below
c. 15 Dec 1675	Jireh Bull's garrison, Pettaquamscutt, destroyed: "about fourteen persons" (Cotton Mather); "ten Englishmen and five women and children" (Hubbard, quoted by Drake)	Mather 1862 ed. pp. 106-107 and n. [C]
19 Dec 1675	Great Swamp Fight: "not lesse then a thousand Indian Souls perished"; captives said 300 fighting men dead; "Of the English there were killed and wounded about two hundred and thirty, whereof only eighty and five persons are dead"; six captains slain (Johnson, Gardner, Davenport, Gallop, Marshall, Seely)	I. Mather pp. 107-109 [D]	Ralph Ellinwood (Gardner's co.), Samuel Tyler; Church wounded
late Jan-8 Feb 1676	Hungry March after Canonchet; army home 8 Feb	Bodge p. 34 [C]
10 Feb 1675/6	Lancaster: "kill'd and took Captive above forty persons" (I. Mather p. 117). Rowlandson: "Of thirty seven persons who were in this one House, none escaped ... save only one ... There were twelve killed" (Lincoln p. 120)	[D]	Thomas Rowlandson, nephew of the minister, killed; John Stanwood in garrison
21 Feb 1675/6	Medfield: "they burnt half the Town, killed several Men, Women and Children, (about eighteen in all)"	I. Mather p. 119 [D]	Capt. Jacob's company there (Elisha Foster? see §8)
25 Feb 1675/6	Weymouth: "This night the Indians fired seven Houses and Barns in Weymouth"	I. Mather p. 121; Hubbard "seven or eight" [D]	Holbrooks of Weymouth
26 Mar 1676	Pierce's Fight, Pawtucket: "Captain Pierce was slain, and forty and nine English with him, and eight (or more) Indians who did assist the English"	I. Mather p. 127 [D]; Hubbard on Amos, a Christian Indian who stayed by the wounded captain (1:175-176)	Capt. Michael Pierce; Benjamin Nye (possible)
28-29 Mar 1676	Rehoboth: "about thirty Barns, and near upon fourty dwelling Houses" (I. Mather p. 131); Providence: "about thirty houses" (p. 132); Bodge "seventy houses and thirty barns at Providence" (p. 35)	[D/C]
early Apr 1676	Canonchet taken by "one of Ninnegret his men"; shot at Stonington by Pequot, Mohegan and Niantic men, head sent to Hartford	I. Mather p. 134 [D]; Bodge pp. 35-36
19 Apr 1676	"The Indians killed a man at Weymouth, and another at Hingham"	I. Mather pp. 134-135 [D]	Sgt. Thomas Pratt of Weymouth (Nash)
21 Apr 1676	Sudbury: "above fifty of ours were slain that day, amongst whom was Capt. Wadsworth and his Lieutenant Sharp," and Brocklebank	I. Mather p. 136 [D]. Same day "(as is judged fifty) Indians burnt nineteen houses and barns at Scituate" (p. 138)	Thomas Hawley killed; Robert Rand (Brocklebank)
8 May 1676	Bridgewater: "About seventeen Houses and Barns" burned	I. Mather p. 143 [D]
19 May 1676	Turner's Falls (Peskeompskut): soldiers "numbred above one hundred that lay dead upon the ground," "about an hundred and thirty" driven over the falls; in the retreat Turner and "between thirty and forty more were lost"	I. Mather pp. 146-148 [D]; Bodge p. 37 ("about forty")	Rev. Hope Atherton (kin), Japhet Chapin, Munns (Connecticut cluster)
20 May 1676	Scituate attacked again, "the last desperate attack"	Deane p. 125 [C]	Isaac Buck, Stockbridge mill garrison (Plymouth cluster)
12 June 1676	Hadley, "some seven hundred strong," repulsed by Talcott's Connecticut force	Bodge p. 38; I. Mather p. 155 [C/D]	Porters of Hadley
2 July 1676	Talcott in Narragansett: "killed and took an hundred and fourscore" incl. the old squaw sachem	I. Mather p. 173 [D]
8 July 1676	James Printer comes in under the Massachusetts offer of mercy	I. Mather p. 172 [D]	Green press
July 1676	Awashonks of Sakonnet comes over; Church's mixed company	Church (Dexter ed.) pp. 80-85; Cotton Mather, "the Squaw-Sachem of Saconet, with ninety of her subjects ... submitted themselves" to Major Bradford (Mather 1862 ed. p. 172) [D/C]	Isaac Howland with Church
22 July 1676	Plymouth allows magistrates to place surrendered Indians' children with the English to 24 or 25	PCR 5:207 [D]
1-2 Aug 1676	Church takes "Philip's Wife, and Son of about Nine Years Old"; "about an hundred and thirty Indians" taken or killed	Church (Dexter ed.) p. 126; I. Mather p. 187 [D]
6 Aug 1676	Weetamoo drowned crossing the Taunton River; Taunton men "cut off her head," set on a pole	I. Mather pp. 190-191 [D]
12 Aug 1676	Philip killed in the swamp at Mount Hope by Alderman, "who did formerly belong to Squaw-Sachim of Pocasset"	I. Mather pp. 193-194; R.H., Warr Visibly Ended (Lincoln pp. 104-105) [D]
Aug-Sept 1676	Annawon taken by Church: Drake said 28 Aug; Dexter, from John Foster's almanac, argues 11 Sept	Church (Dexter ed.) pp. 153-154 n. [C]	John Foster's almanac
11 Aug, 6 Sept 1676	Eastern war: Falmouth, "some thirty-four persons" killed or taken; at Dover about 400 come in, "about two hundred" sent to Boston	Bodge pp. 39-40 [C]	John Ellinwood wounded at Wells (Essex cluster)
12 Oct 1676	Randolph's report: "about 600 men have been slaine and 12 captains," "about 1200 houses burned, 8000 head of cattle," "upward of 3000 Indians men, women and children destroyed"	Toppan, Edward Randolph 2:245-246 [D; hostile to Massachusetts]
1677	Black Point: Capt. Swett's company (Bodge has it landing "July 28th," the fight "Next morning"; other accounts give 29 June) lost "Forty of the English and twelve of the Natick Indians"; Hatfield, 19 Sept: "Twelve were killed outright, and some twenty more were made captive"	Bodge pp. 42-43 [C]
12 Apr 1678	Treaty of Casco: captives returned; settlers to pay "a peck of corn for every English family" as quit-rent; "About 260" east of Piscataqua killed or carried off	Williamson, History of Maine 1:552-553 [C]	Lydia Messer's Sheepscot

Contemporary tallies: the London tract of 1676 counts "above Eight Hundred" English dead and at least "Six Thousand" Indians "killed, taken, sent away, and now of Late come in" (Lincoln pp. 97-98); its editor notes News from New England (1676), "444 killed and 55 taken" English and 910 Indians, and Trumbull's "about 600" (p. 98 n.) [D/C].

3. Causes and the Native side

Wampanoag land and Plymouth's pressure. At Trip's Ferry in June 1675 Philip's council told the Rhode Island magistrates (Easton, Lincoln pp. 9-11) [D, probable as a record of what was said]:

• the English "wold have English Arbetrators," and "mani miles square of land so taken from them";
• the 1671 disarming: "once thay wer perswaided to give in ther arems ... the English having ther arems wold not deliver them as thay had promised, untill thay consented to pay a 100li";
• "if 20 of there onest indians testefied that a Englishman had dun them rong, it was as nothing";
• "when ther kings sold land the English wold say it was more than thay agred to";
• "the English Catell and horses still incresed that when thay removed 30 mill from wher English had anithing to do, thay Could not kepe ther coren from being spoyled";
• liquor, and the English making new sachems "that wold give or seell them there land." Easton offered arbitration by "a indian king" and "the Governer of new yorke"; they "had not herd of that way." The 1671 documents: the Taunton submission of 10 Apr (Hubbard 1:54-55), the guns forfeited (PCR 5:63-64), the articles of 29 Sept (PCR 5:79) [D].

Metacom and the colonists: letters. Philip wrote to Dorchester's townsmen on 15 June 1670 asking for a meeting "about land at pole plaine and within our township"; Foster answered on 22 June that "wee say tis ours already both by grant from our Court and also by agreement with Indians, who say that it is theirs," but agreed to meet with "some of the bay Indians" at Hudson's farm on 12 July. Squamaug had written on 19 Mar 1669/70 that Plymouth men already had deeds for any land Philip claimed, "and you have enough of us for your mony whoe are the knowne proprietors." Philip, 15 May 1672: "when I last saw you att Wading river you promised mee six pounds in goods" (Pierce, Foster Genealogy, pp. 494-495, "copied from the originals now among the ancient documents of Dorchester") [D, transcript; proven]. The 1670 agreement made the Plymouth-Massachusetts line the line between Wampanoag and Massachusett, giving Philip "a large tract of land that formerly was claimed by Chickataubut" (Clark, Norton, p. 51, who read the paper with "the autograph of King Philip attached") [C, probable]. Sassamon "signed this treaty as a witness" and in 1671 Philip "complained that he had reported" Narragansett sachems at Mount Hope (Drake, in Mather 1862 ed., pp. 51-52 n.) [C]. Dorchester had earlier treated with "Josiah Sachem" (Josias Wampatuck) "to see what the demand of the Indians is ... respecting any of Dorchester Land," with "Copyes of the Deed from Kitshamichin," 12 (4) 1665 (Fourth Report p. 126) [D].

The Narragansett and the Atherton Company. Humphrey Atherton and partners bought Quidnesett and Namcook of Coginaquand, 11 June and 4 July 1659 (Potter pp. 58, 235). After the Commissioners fined the sachems, "Quissoquus," "Neneglad" (Ninigret) and "Scuttup" mortgaged "all our whole Countrey" to the Commissioners "in Consideration of five hundred ninety five fatham of Wampum," [29?] Sept 1660 (PCR 10:449, from Mass. Archives 30:83) [D]. On 30 Oct 1660 they mortgaged the unsold lands "to Atherthon & Co.," who paid the fine; possession was delivered in spring 1662 (Potter p. 61) [C]. Roger Williams had refused Atherton's offers of land to interpret for him (Potter p. 59). The royal commissioners declared the purchase "void," 20 Mar 1664/5 (Potter pp. 179-181) [D]. Easton (Lincoln pp. 16-17): "we do kno the English have had much contention against those indians to invaled the kings determenation for naroganset to be in our colony, and we have Case to think it was the greatest Case of the war against them" [D, a Rhode Island partisan's opinion]. Canonchet and Quinnapin (Rowlandson's master, husband of Weetamoo) led the Narragansett after the Swamp Fight; Ninigret "had with some of his men withdrawn himself from the rest, professing that he would not ingage in a War with the English" (I. Mather p. 106).

Weetamoo of Pocasset, widow of Wamsutta (Alexander), "had practised much the quarell might be desided without war" and asked to come to Aquidneck with six men; colonists "in fury against all indians wold not Consent" (Easton, Lincoln pp. 12-13) [D]. She drowned on 6 Aug 1676 (above).

The Nipmuc. Mendon, Brookfield, Lancaster, Medfield and Sudbury were Nipmuc attacks or joint ones; Muttaump of Quaboag and Matoonas led (Bodge pp. 29-31).

Praying towns and Christian Indians. On 6 July 1675 the praying towns sent "one third part of their able men," "about 52," to the army under Capt. Isaac Johnson (Gookin p. 443) [D]; the 1836 editor reckoned "about 156" able men in all and "nearly 400" others (p. 443 n.) [C]. The General Court removed the Natick people to Deer Island on 30 Oct 1675 (Gookin pp. 473-474; MBR 5:57); by late December the island held "about five hundred souls, by addition of the Punkapog Indians" (Gookin p. 485) [D]. In October the Punkapoag people had built "a good & deffencible fort," and 16-20 soldiers from Dorchester, Milton and Braintree were sent to live there with them and scout "betweene Weymouth & Naticke" (MBR 5:54, 13 Oct 1675) [D]. From April 1676 Capt. Samuel Hunting's company of Christian Indians served; Gookin: "the small company of our Indian friends have taken and slain of the enemy, in the summer of 1676, not less than four hundred" (p. 513) [D, partisan]. Christian Indians fought with Pierce: Amos, "after the Captain was shot in his Leg or Thigh ... would not leave him" (Hubbard 1:175-176) [D].

James Printer (Wowaus), born at Hassanamesit, son of the deacon there; "In 1659, he was put apprentice to Samuel Green, printer," worked as a pressman on the first Indian Bible, "left his master secretly, and joined his brethren in arms" (Thomas, History of Printing 1874 ed., 1:95-96) [C]. Rowlandson names "an Indian called James the Printer" at her ransom (Lincoln p. 157) [D]. He came in under the fourteen-day offer, 8 July 1676: "James an Indian, who could not only reade, and write, but had learned the Art of Printing" (I. Mather p. 172); Hubbard calls him one who "like a false Villain ran away from his Master before his Time was out" (1:249) [D]. In 1680 he set the second Indian Bible with Green; in 1709 the Psalter was "Printed by B. Green and J. Printer" (Thomas 1:97-98) [C]. Brooks (2018) credits him with the April 1676 letter asking twenty pounds for Rowlandson and with setting the type of her narrative (as summarized by Bartlett's review) [C]; Lincoln's 1913 editor named the scribe of the reply about "20 pound in goods" as Peter Jethro (Lincoln p. 152 n.) [C]. Both views are given; neither is a family record.

Mohegan and Pequot allies. Oneko's Mohegans guided the Nipsachuck pursuit (Bodge p. 30); Mather records that Pequots, Mohegans and Ninigret's men shot Canonchet, so "those three Indian Nations are become abominable to the other Indians" (p. 134). Bodge: "The constant success which the Connecticut troops had always had after their use of the Mohegans and Pequods, was a plain rebuke to the Massachusetts colonists" (p. 38) [C].

The Sakonnet under Awashonks stayed out at first, then came in to Plymouth in July 1676 and fought with Church (Church, Dexter ed., pp. 7-11, 80-85; Bodge p. 29) [D/C].

4. What happened to the defeated

Sale overseas. Plymouth, 4 Aug 1675: 112 brought in to Plymouth "adjudged ... to be sold, and denoted vnto servitude" (PCR 5:173); 2 Sept 1675: the 57 at Sandwich "condemned vnto ppetuall servitude" (5:174) [D]. Church: the Dartmouth people who surrendered on Capt. Eels's and Ralph Earle's promises "were carry'd away to Plymouth, there sold, and transported out of the Country; being about Eight-score Persons. An action so hateful to Mr. Church, that he oppos'd it" (Dexter ed. pp. 45-46) [D]. Dexter cites Thacher that "one hundred and seventy-eight [Indians] had recently been shipped on board of Captain Sprague, for Cadiz" (p. 46 n.); Fisher (2017) dates that to 28 Sept 1675 [C]. Easton: of "about a 150 indians" who came in voluntarily, "Plimoth authority sould all for slafes (but about six of them)" (Lincoln p. 13) [D]. Massachusetts's treasurer John Hull sold captives on 24 Aug and 23 Sept 1676, e.g. "Thomas Smith for 41 (captives) 82 00 00" (Bodge pp. 479-480) [D]. Destinations: "Barbados, Bermuda, Jamaica, the Azores, Spain, and Tangier" (Fisher 2017) [C]. Plymouth had ordered the escaped Hoken "sold or sent to Barbadoes" in July 1674, by Lt. John Freeman (Dawes-Gates, in the archive) [C].

Philip's wife and son. Taken by Church on 1 Aug 1676 (Church p. 126). Asked by Plymouth, the ministers Arnold and Cotton wrote on 7 Sept 1676 that children of "notorious traitors" might "be adjudged to death"; Increase Mather (30 Oct) thought "some effectual course should be taken about him"; James Keith urged mercy; John Cotton to Mather, 20 Mar 1677: "Philip's boy goes now to be sold" (Dexter's note, pp. 126-127) [C, quoting letters].

Children bound to English households. Plymouth council of war, 22 July 1676: magistrates may "dispose of the children of those Indians that haue come in and yeilded themselues to the English, vnto such of the English as may vse them well, especially theire parents consenting thervnto ... vntill such children shall attaine the age of twenty foure or twenty fiue yeers" (PCR 5:207); 6 Mar 1676/7: such magistrates "shall signe indentures" (5:223) [D]. Massachusetts: "Surrendering children were put out to English families until the age of twenty-four" (Fisher 2017) [C]. Rhode Island's committee (14 Aug 1676, Roger Williams chairman) bound captives by age, "All under 5 years of age ... till they were 30" down to "above 30, 7 years" (Dexter's note, Church p. 46) [C]. Gookin's return of 10 Nov 1676: of John of Pakachoog's company "above thirty are put out to seruice to the English," and of Wannalancet's and the Ipswich Indians "some of their children are ordered to be put forth to English service" (Gookin pp. 532-533) [D]. Newell, via Calloway: "Indentures and apprenticeships of Indian children often merged into de facto slavery" [C]. For Capt. John Holbrook's "Indian Servant Anthony" (will, 12 July 1699): such servants were usually war captives bound to 24-25, children put out by the selectmen, or people sentenced to service for debt or crime ("judicial enslavement," Newell). A promise of "his Freedom in twelve years after my decease" (that is, about 1711) is longer than any 1676 child captive's term would have run, so Anthony was more probably born after the war, bound as a child in the 1680s-90s, or held under a court sentence [I, probable]. The Punkapoag people were working "about Milton, Dorchester, and Brantree, among the English" in Nov 1676 (Gookin p. 532), the country next to Weymouth [D; context only].

Conquest lands. Plymouth found Mr. Gray's claim "to be conquest land," 10 July 1677 (PCR 5:239); Massachusetts named "Capt Daniel Fisher, Mr Thomas Weld, & Leift Jn° Holbrooke" to attend "a comittee of the seuerall colonjes met at Plymouth March next to assist in the sale of the concquest lands," 7 Oct 1678 (MBR 5:204); Plymouth voted "that all such lands as are belonging to the country, or conquest lands, except Mount Hope, be put to sale" (PCR 6:19, 1678/9) [D]. Mamanewett of Sakonnet was to be "treated with in reference vnto satisfaction for the defence of his land from the enimy" (PCR 5:239).

Narragansett townships. The Dedham Plain promise of 10 Dec 1675 (Bodge p. 406); a Nipmuc tract of eight miles square granted in 1685 and not settled (MBR 5:487, via Bodge p. 407); petitions of 1727; two townships in 1728 (No. 2 Westminster, No. 3 Amherst NH); on 26 Apr 1733 "a list of eight hundred and forty grantees" and seven townships (Bodge pp. 407-412): No. 1 Buxton ME, No. 2 Westminster MA, No. 3 Amherst NH, No. 4 Greenwich MA, No. 5 Bedford NH, No. 6 Templeton MA, No. 7 Gorham ME (Bodge pp. 413-438) [D]. The House's message of 19 Jan 1731/2 called the two townships "rather mocking and deriding them" (Bodge p. 411). Family grantees are in the other notes (Ellinwood, Tyler, Rand, Low); Benjamin Church's right went to his son Thomas (No. 4, p. 427).

Postwar praying towns and Mashpee. Gookin's return lists the remaining Christian Indians in four Natick companies, at Concord, Dunstable and Ipswich (pp. 532-533). On Cape Cod the "South-sea Indians of Mashbe," whose praying town Richard Bourne gathered, ran their bounds with Sandwich in 1705, Matthias Ellis among the town's agents (Freeman, Cape Cod 2:85-86) [C].

5. The narrators and printers

Work	Imprint (verified)	Notes
Increase Mather, A Brief History of the Warr with the Indians	"Boston, Printed and sold by John Foster over against the sign of the Dove. 1676." pp. (6), 51, 8, (4), 26. Evans 220	Title runs "From June 24, 1675 ... to August 12. 1676. when Philip, aliàs Metacomet ... was slain." London reprint 1676; Drake ed. 1862 (archive briefhistoryofvv00math_1, historyofkingphi00math) [D]
Mather, An Earnest Exhortation	"Boston Printed by John Foster ... 1676." Evans 221	Issued with the Brief History [D]
William Hubbard, A Narrative of the Troubles with the Indians in New-England	"Boston: Printed by John Foster, in the year 1677." pp. (9), 132, 12, 88. Map. 4to. Evans 231	Evans: "The Map accompanying this work was the first cut in the United States." London ed. 1677 as The Present State of New-England [D]
The map, "A Map of New-England, Being the first that ever was here cut"	Woodcut, Boston 1677	Jameson (Lincoln, pp. v-vi): two states, "The White Hills" and, "by error of the engraver, 'The Wine Hills'"; "only four copies" of the White Hills map known; "most likely that Mr. Hubbard himself drew the map, and ... almost certain that the White Hills issue was engraved by John Foster," the Wine Hills "subsequently engraved in London"; numbers on the map mark places attacked. MHS: authorship still debated (Edney and Cimburek, WMQ 2004) [C]
Benjamin Tompson, New-Englands Crisis	Boston, 1676, "probably printed in Boston, by John Foster ... or may have been printed by Samuel Green" (Evans 225)	Verse on the war; London edition the same year [C]
Thomas Wheeler, A Thankefull Remembrance (Brookfield)	"Cambridge: Printed by Samuel Green. 1676." Evans 226	[D]
Mass. Council orders and the 29 June 1676 thanksgiving	"Cambridge: Printed by Samuel Green. 1676." Evans 215-219	Evans: "The earliest Thanksgiving Proclamation known to be extant" (216) [D]
John Easton, A Relacion of the Indyan Warre	Manuscript dated "5th: 12m: 1675" (5 Feb 1675/6), New York State Library; first printed Albany 1858 (100 copies); Lincoln 1913 pp. 7-17	Increase Mather called it "written by a Quaker in Road Island, who pretends to know the Truth of Things," "fraught with worse Things than meer Mistakes" (Lincoln p. 5) [D]
Daniel Gookin, An Historical Account of the Doings and Sufferings of the Christian Indians	Written 1677 for the Corporation in London; first printed in Archaeologia Americana 2 (1836), pp. 423-534	[D]
Mary Rowlandson, The Soveraignty & Goodness of God	"[Cambridge: Printed by Samuel Green. 1682.]" Evans 331; "second addition," Cambridge, Samuel Green, 1682, Evans 332; no copy of the first edition known	Aunt by marriage of Martha (Rowlandson) Ellinwood [D]
Thomas Church, Entertaining Passages relating to Philip's War	"Boston: Printed by B. Green in the year, 1716." pp. iv, 120. 4to. Evans 1800	[D]
Church, The Entertaining History of King Philip's War	"Newport, Rhode-Island: Reprinted and Sold by Solomon Southwick, in Queen-Street, 1772"	JCB catalog: "Portraits of Benjamin Church and King Philip engraved by Paul Revere"; Church's is "copied, with the addition of a powder-horn, from that of the poet Charles Churchill" in the Court Miscellany (Sept 1768); Ezra Stiles edited and wrote the life (archive entertaininghist00chur_0 metadata) [C]
London tracts (N.S. [Saltonstall], R.H. [Hutchinson], 1675-77)	"Printed for Dorman Newman"	Lincoln pp. 19-106 [D]

Drake (1862, Prefatory, pp. vi-vii): "There was then but one printer in Boston, — John Foster by name, — and he must print both Works. Dr. Mather's was first in the Hands of the Printer" [C]. Thomas thought Foster "must have well known James, who lived with Green when Foster was at college" (1:97) [C, a guess].

6. Historiography in brief

• Douglas Edward Leach, Flintlock and Tomahawk: New England in King Philip's War (New York: Macmillan, 1958). The standard military narrative of the mid-century. The archive.org copy (flintlocktomahaw00leac) is lending-only and was not read; no figure is quoted from it here.
• Jill Lepore, The Name of War (Knopf 1998; Bancroft Prize 1999). Publisher: the war "was, in proportion to population, the bloodiest in American history"; "it was after the war—and because of it—that the boundaries between cultures, hitherto blurred, turned into rigid ones"; the words written about it "strengthened and hardened the enmity" (penguinrandomhouse.com). In a 1998 interview: "in proportion to population, King Philip's War was by far America's deadliest conflict"; "25 towns -- more than half of their settlements -- had been ruined" (BU Bridge, 13 Mar 1998) [C].
• James D. Drake, King Philip's War: Civil War in New England, 1675-1676 (UMass Press, 1999). Publishers Weekly's summary: "The war, then, is best understood as a civil war, one that destroyed these interdependent cultures forever"; "New England's more than 50,000 colonists" [C].
• Jenny Hale Pulsipher, Subjects unto the Same King (Penn, 2005). Catalog descriptions (paraphrased; the publisher's page was not reachable): Indians stood at the center of a contest for authority that spanned the Atlantic world and drew in the crown, and were not always the losers; the war came out of that contest rather than chiefly from land [C]. Her Swindler Sachem (Yale 2018) follows John Wompas.
• Margaret Ellen Newell, Brethren by Nature (Cornell, 2015). Calloway's review: "More than 2,000 Indians were taken captive during King Philip's War. Roughly 500 were shipped to global slave markets" (Jamaica, Bermuda, Mediterranean galleys, forts in Morocco); "The rest were distributed among English colonists" (Tribal College Journal 28:1, 2016). Shoemaker: "Cádiz, Spain; Tangier" (Commonplace 16.3.5, 2016) [C].
• Linford D. Fisher, "'Why shall wee have peace to bee made slaves'" (Ethnohistory 64:1, 2017, 91-114): "the thousands of surrenderers received far worse treatment than they expected"; "many other hundreds—if not well over a thousand—were enslaved locally" [C].
• Wendy Warren, New England Bound (Liveright, 2016): New England's colonization was bound up with the Atlantic slave trade, Native captives shipped to the West Indies among it [C, catalog].
• Lisa Brooks, Our Beloved Kin: A New History of King Philip's War (Yale, 2018; Bancroft Prize 2019): "relaying the stories of Weetamoo, a female Wampanoag leader, and James Printer, a Nipmuc scholar, whose stories converge in the captivity of Mary Rowlandson" (publisher) [C].
• Christine DeLucia, Memory Lands (Yale, 2018): the war through "memoryscapes," "constellations of spots on the land" that "have accrued stories over time," including the Native diaspora after 1676 (Bartlett review, Ploughshares blog, 5 Jan 2018) [C].
• Numbers. Popular synthesis (Philbrick, via Yankee 2007): about 50,000 English and 20,000 Indians in southern New England; "Some 800 English"; Indians "2,000 died of battle wounds, 3,000 died of disease or starvation, 1,000 were sold into slavery ... 2,000 fled"; "one-third of New England's approximately 100 English towns had been burned and abandoned" [C, unfootnoted]. The contemporary counts are in §2. No source read gives a reliable share of the Native population; say "thousands" and cite the estimate when quoting one.

7. The family's ties to Native people (people entries)

humphrey-atherton-d1661, Maj.-Gen. Humphrey Atherton. Archive: Atherton Company; Pessicus by the hair; superintendent of praying Indians. Found: the 1659 deeds from Coginaquand; the 1660 mortgage (PCR 10:449; Potter p. 61); possession by turf and twig 1662 to Hutchinson, Hudson and Smith "in behalf of ... Major Atherton and partners" (Potter p. 235); the King's letter of 1663 naming proprietors "in the right of Major Atherton" (Potter pp. 65-66); the 1665 voiding (pp. 179-181); paid by the Commissioners "for keeping courts amongst the Indians in diuers places and Instructing them in theire ciuell conversation" (PCR 10:205, account to Sept 1658; Potter p. 59 n.) [D]; he led the 1645 relief of Uncas at Mohegan as Lieutenant (Bodge p. 21; PCR 9) [D]. His sons in the war: Rev. Hope Atherton at the Falls (Mather 1862 ed. pp. 260-261, Taylor's account: "I tendered myself to them a prisoner ... they accepted not the offer"); "Jonathan Atherton" under Capt. Thomas Brattle, 19 Oct 1675 (Bodge p. 264); "Consider Atherton" credited under Maj. Simon Willard (Bodge p. 122) and listed on Capt. John Holbrook's own certificate of April 1676 among the men "From Dorchester non-appearance. Consider Atherton, Henry Wedarton [Withington], Ebezar Clape" (Mass. Archives 69:12, Bodge p. 281) [D; identity of each with the sons, I, probable]. Correction: "1688" unconfirmed (above).

hopestill-foster-1620, Capt. Hopestill Foster. Archive: the two letters. Found: Squamaug's letter (1669/70); the 12 July 1670 meeting identified; Dorchester accounts paying him "for money he laid downe to the Sachem" and his warrant of 1671 against encroachers "about wadeing Riuer" (Fourth Report pp. 177-180) [D]. His son Elisha may be the "Elisha Foster" credited under Capt. John Jacob of Hingham, 24 Aug 1676 (Bodge p. 285) and in Brattle's list (p. 264) [D record; identity possible] (for the Mass. Bay cluster).

john-holbrook-1618, Capt. John Holbrook. See §4 (Anthony) and §1 (rank; conquest lands). His 1664 service "in the company of Capt. Hudson" (Bodge p. 280) ties him to Atherton's partner.

thomas-holbrook-1589. As a Weymouth townsman he witnessed the Indian deed for Weymouth, with the 1652 agreement with Natahant (Nash pp. 251-282, in archive) [C]. Weymouth's houses burned 25 Feb 1675/6 (Mather p. 121).

mary-green-fl1692 (and the Green press). No new evidence on her parentage. The Green press printed Wheeler, the Council's war orders, Rowlandson and Church, and trained James Printer (§5, §3). If she was Samuel Green Sr.'s daughter Mary (b. 1669), James Printer worked in her father's shop through her childhood and with her brother Bartholomew in 1709 [I, conditional].

samuel-kneeland (famous kin), printer, son of Mary Green. Clerk of the Narragansett grantees from 1731/2 and of "the whole Narraganset Society or grantees" from 7 June 1733 (Heywood pp. 45-46, 51); "Kneeland's Farm," 500 acres by Wachusett Pond, confirmed by Gov. Belcher 29 Dec 1735 (Heywood p. 431) [D, transcript]. Kneeland 1897 says he claimed "as one of the heirs of John Hawkins, who was wounded in King Phillip's War" (p. 98) [C]; "John Hawkins' heirs" stand in the No. 2 list (Bodge p. 418) and a John Hawkins was credited under Mosely (Bodge p. 72) [D]; whether this John Hawkins was kin of Mary (Hawkins) Kneeland is open (for the Mass. Bay cluster). Not him: the grandson of Capt. Samuel Pollard in No. 5 (Bodge p. 431) was his cousin Samuel, son of Solomon Kneeland and Mary Pollard (Kneeland p. 67).

john-foster-1648 (famous kin john-foster). Evans 220 and 231 confirmed; Jameson's view of the map; his 1676 almanac used to date Annawon's capture (§2).

Increase Mather (famous kin), Hope Atherton. As above. Increase also argued over Philip's son (§4).

paul-revere (famous kin). Engraved Philip and Church for the 1772 Newport edition (§5).

thomas-tupper-1578, thomas-tupper-1638 (the Tuppers of Sandwich). Freeman: the elder "greatly interested in the welfare of the Indians" (2:71 n.: "giving much of his time 'to the work of gospelizing the Indians'") [C]. On 30 June 1677 "Rd. Bourne, Thos. Tupper, and Stephen Skiff" (the younger, since the elder died in March 1676 [I, probable]) were appointed "to take account of what ought justly to be satisfied for in reference to the war that hath already been" (Freeman 2:71) [C, from the town records]; a new war role for Capt. Thomas Tupper Jr.

matthias-ellis-1657. The 1705 Mashpee line (Freeman 2:85-86) [C]; with the Tuppers (Eldad Tupper, pastor of the Indian church, witnessed his will).

edmund-freeman-1596, john-ellis-d1677, william-harlow-1625. Horses and oxen in Native corn (1655, 1670, 1671; PCR 3:89-90, 5:47, 5:54); Freeman's purchases from Quachattasett of Manomet (1661, 1663/4). These are Easton's grievance in miniature. In the war: the Sandwich garrison and watch "beyond Lt. John Ellis' land" (Freeman 2:70); the 57 sold from Sandwich; Keweenam, "an Indian sometimes liueing about Sandwich," sentenced to be beheaded, 21 July 1676 (PCR 5:205-206); Harlow granted the timbers of Plymouth's 1675 fort (Davis) [D/C].

john-freeman-1627. Ordered the thief Hoken "sold or sent to Barbadoes," 1674 [C]; Taunton owed for "billetting Captaine Freeman and his men," 1678 [C].

mordecai-ellis-1651. Juror at the trial of the Indian James, 1681/2 (PCR 6:82-84) [D].

william-nickerson-1604. Bought Monomoy from the sachem Mattaquason and his son John Quason without leave, 1656, disfranchised (PCR 3) [D].

jeremiah-howes-1637, thomas-howes-fl1665. Yarmouth council of war 1675/6; "Desparate Debts Due from the Indians" in Thomas's inventory (1665); land bought of "John Skinnaquit, an Indian," 1702 [D/C].

william-pontus-d1653. Juror, 1638, on the killers of Penowanyanquis, a Nipmuc man (PCR 1:96-97) [D]. The first trial of English for killing a Native man in Plymouth.

john-mayo-1627. "Tetannett, allis Ned," a Nantucket Indian, whipped for stealing from him, 1662 (PCR 4:22) [D].

job-tyler-1619. Owannamaug, "Indian Chiefe, neere Marlborough," complained of him for taking hay, 1665 (Annals of Mendon pp. 43-44) [D]. Mendon was the first Massachusetts town attacked (14 July 1675).

samuel-chapin-1598, john-pynchon-1625, japhet-chapin-1642. Springfield's Agawam Indians "fled"; the town burned 5 Oct 1675; Pynchon's brick house "used as a fort" [C]. (Connecticut cluster.)

william-whiting-d1647, jonathan-brewster-1593, john-underhill-1597. Pre-war: Whiting and the plot against Uncas's protectors (1646), Brewster's Mohegan trading house at New London, Underhill's Pequot War and the Matinecock. Not war roles; background to the Mohegan alliance [C].

Long Island and New Paltz (Cock, Feke, Wright, Prior, Frost, Freer, Deyo). Deeds from the Matinecock (1653-1685) and the New Paltz patent from the Esopus (1677). Outside the war's theatre; New York under Andros kept the Mohawk against Philip (London tract, Lincoln p. 97) [D].

Searched and found nothing new: Benjamin Nye's death at Pierce's Fight (only the 1907 Nye genealogy; for the Plymouth cluster); an Indian named Anthony at Weymouth (VR 1910); a Plymouth Treasurer's list of captives sold (not in PCR 5-10 full text).

8. Crossings

1. Wading River, 12 July 1670: Capt. Hopestill Foster and Dorchester's townsmen; Philip; Squamaug; John Sassamon as witness; at the farm of Capt. William Hudson, Atherton's Narragansett partner (Foster letters, Pierce pp. 494-495; Drake n.; Clark pp. 50-51; Dorchester records pp. 156, 179-180).
2. Capt. William Hudson: Atherton (Narragansett, 1659-62), Philip's Taunton submission (1671), Foster (1670), Lt. John Holbrook (1664) [D, I for single identity].
3. The Dorchester web: Atherton (ancestor), his son-in-law Timothy Mather (ancestor) and Timothy's brother Increase (historian), Hope Atherton (Falls Fight), John Foster (printer), Capt. Hopestill Foster (Philip's correspondent); the Punkapoag praying town on Dorchester's southern line (the town ran "the line betweene punkapage and Dorchester," Fourth Report p. 191), garrisoned by Dorchester men (MBR 5:54) and sent to Deer Island (Gookin p. 485).
4. Capt. Holbrook's company and the Athertons: Consider Atherton, son of Humphrey, was impressed from Dorchester for Holbrook's company in April 1676 and did not appear (Bodge p. 281).
5. The Green shop: Samuel Green, James Printer, Rowlandson's book, Wheeler's book, Church's book (Bartholomew), and Samuel Kneeland (apprentice of Bartholomew, clerk of the Narragansett grantees).
6. Rowlandson: Mary Rowlandson (aunt by marriage of Martha Ellinwood), James Printer at her ransom, Green's press, Lancaster (Thomas Rowlandson killed; John Stanwood in garrison).
7. Sandwich, 1675-77: Lt. John Ellis's watch and garrison, the 57 surrenderers sold, Keweenam, Tupper on the war-accounts committee, Bourne and the Mashpee.
8. Narragansett grants: Samuel Kneeland as clerk for all seven townships; the family's soldier grantees in the other notes; Benjamin Church (No. 4).

9. Sources

Primary or printed transcripts (archive.org ids; pages used):

• Easton, Saltonstall, Hutchinson, Rowlandson, Cotton Mather: Lincoln, ed., Narratives of the Indian Wars, 1675-1699 (1913), narrativesindian00lincrich, pp. v-vi, 5, 7-17, 97-98, 104-105, 120, 151-152, 157. Exists: Charles H. Lincoln, ed., Narratives of the Indian Wars, 1675-1699 (New York, 1913): Cotton Mather, Decennium Luctuosum (1699) (add these pages).
• Increase Mather, A Brief History of the Warr (Boston: John Foster, 1676), original scan briefhistoryofvv00math_1; Drake ed. The History of King Philip's War (1862) historyofkingphi00math, pp. vi-vii, 49-54, 62-63, 81, 84-85, 106-109, 117-121, 127, 131-138, 143-148, 155, 172-173, 187-194, 260-261. New source.
• Hubbard, A Narrative of the Troubles (1677), Drake ed. History of the Indian Wars (1865) vol. 1, historyofindianw01hubb, pp. 54-55, 175-176, 249. New source.
• Church, Entertaining Passages (1716), Dexter ed. (1865), historyofkingphi00chur, pp. 7-11, 45-46, 80-85, 126-128, 153-154; 1772 Newport ed. entertaininghist00chur_0. Exists: Thomas Church, Entertaining Passages relating to Philip's War (1716), as The History of King Philip's War, ed. Samuel G. Drake (1825) (1825 ed.); add the Dexter edition.
• Gookin, Doings and Sufferings of the Christian Indians, Archaeologia Americana 2 (1836), archaeologiaamer0000unse (1999 reprint scan), pp. 443, 473-474, 485, 513, 532-533. New source.
• Bodge, Soldiers in King Philip's War (1906), soldiersinkingph1906bodg, pp. 21, 26-43, 72, 264, 280, 285, 406-438, 473, 479-481. Exists: Bodge, Soldiers in King Philip's War (1906).
• Records of the Colony of New Plymouth (PCR) 5-6, recordsofcolonyo0506newp: 5:63-64, 79, 173-174, 205-207, 223, 239; 6:19. PCR 10 (Acts of the Commissioners 2), recordsofcolonyo0910newp: 10:449. Exists: Records of the Colony of New Plymouth in New England, ed. Shurtleff and Pulsifer, vols 1-12 (1855-61).
• Records of the Governor and Company of the Massachusetts Bay 5, recordsofgoverno05mass: 5:54, 57,
  204. Exists: Records of the Governor and Company of the Massachusetts Bay in New England (correct 5:204 to "Leift").
• Dorchester Town Records, Fourth Report of the Record Commissioners (1880; 1883 ed.), fourthreportofre04bost, pp. 126, 156, 177-180, 186, 202. New source (not the existing Dorchester Town Records (Boston Record Commissioners, Report vol. 21), which is Report 21).
• Pierce, Foster Genealogy (1899), fostergenealogy03pier, pp. 494-495. Exists: Pierce, Foster Genealogy (1899) (fix the URL).
• Evans, American Bibliography vol. 1 (1903), americanbibliogr01evanrich, nos. 215-221, 225-226, 231, 331-332, 1800. New source.
• Toppan, ed., Edward Randolph vol. 2 (Prince Society, 1898), edwardrandolphin02rand, pp. 243-246. New source.
• Weymouth vital records (1910), vitalrecordsofwe01weym, vitalrecordsofwe02weym (searched).

Compiled or secondary:

• Potter, Early History of Narragansett (1835), earlyhistoryofna00pott, pp. 58-61, 65-66, 179-181, 233-236. New source.
• Clark, History of the Town of Norton (1859), historyoftownofn00clar, pp. 50-51. New source.
• Thomas, History of Printing in America (1874 ed.) vol. 1, historyofprintin01thom, pp. 95-98. Exists: Isaiah Thomas, The History of Printing in America, vol. 1 (2nd ed., 1874).
• Kneeland, Seven Centuries in the Kneeland Family (1897), sevencenturiesin00knee, pp. 67, 97-99. Exists: S. F. Kneeland, Seven Centuries in the Kneeland Family (1897).
• Heywood, History of Westminster (1893), historyofwestmin00heyw, pp. 45-46, 51, 431. New source.
• Freeman, History of Cape Cod vol. 2 (1862), pp. 70-72, 85-86. Exists: Frederick Freeman, The History of Cape Cod, vol. 2 (1862).
• Deane, History of Scituate (1831), p. 125. Exists: Samuel Deane, History of Scituate, Massachusetts (Boston, 1831).
• Williamson, History of the State of Maine vol. 1 (1832), historyofstateof01will, pp. 552-553. New source.
• Lepore, The Name of War (1998): https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/100085/the-name-of-war-by-jill-lepore/ ; BU Bridge, 13 Mar 1998: https://www.bu.edu/bridge/archive/1998/03-13/features7.html
• Drake (1999), Publishers Weekly: https://publishersweekly.com/9781558492240
• Newell (2015), Calloway review: https://tribalcollegejournal.org/brethren-by-nature-new-england-indians-colonists-and-the-origins-of-american-slavery/ ; Shoemaker review: https://commonplace.online/article/indian-slavery-in-new-england/
• Fisher (2017): https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5654607/
• Brooks (2018), publisher description via https://parnassusbooks.net/book/9780300244328 ; Bartlett review of Brooks and DeLucia: https://pshares.org/blog/review-memory-lands-by-christine-m-delucia-and-our-beloved-kin-by-lisa-brooks/
• Philbrick figures via Yankee, 5 June 2007: https://newengland.com/yankee/magazine/bloodiestwar
• Leach (1958), not read (flintlocktomahaw00leac, lending only).

10. To fetch later

• The original 1670 Philip-Squamaug agreement and Foster's correspondence, "among the ancient documents of Dorchester" (Pierce); Drake's MSS (now perhaps at NEHGS or MHS); Clark saw it. Mass. Archives 30 for Indian deeds of Dorchester's New Grant.
• Mass. Archives vol. 30 (Indians) and vol. 68-69 (war); Council orders of 1676 on Indian children (the Massachusetts age 24 rule; Fisher's notes cite them).
• Plymouth Treasurer's accounts of captives sold, 1675-76 (Plymouth Colony archives; not in PCR 5-10 full text).
• Holbrook's will (Suffolk Probate 14:111-113) and inventory: does the inventory value Anthony? Suffolk Court records 1680-1699 for an Indian Anthony.
• Leach, Flintlock and Tomahawk; Lepore's introduction (casualty figures); Newell chs. 5-6 (KPW captives); Pulsipher; Brooks on James Printer and Rowlandson's typesetting; Edney and Cimburek, WMQ 61 (2004).
• Freeman, History of Cape Cod 2 and PCR 6 on the Mashpee confirmation (1685) and Thomas Tupper Jr.'s Herring Pond mission; Gookin's Historical Collections (1674) list of Plymouth praying Indians.
• The John Hawkins of the No. 2 list and Mosely's company: kin of Mary (Hawkins) Kneeland? (Mass. Bay cluster.)

11. Pictures

• Hubbard's "A Map of New-England, Being the first that ever was here cut" (White Hills, Boston 1677) and the Wine Hills state: MHS https://masshist.org/database/1739 (Wine Hills); MHS Object of the Month, Sept 2002, https://masshist.org/object-of-the-month/objects/september-2002-2002-09-01 ; facsimile as Lincoln's frontispiece (narrativesindian00lincrich). Public domain.
• Title page of Increase Mather's Brief History (Boston: John Foster, 1676), JCB copy, https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofvv00math_1
• Title page of Hubbard's Narrative (1677), https://archive.org/details/narrativeoftroub00hubb
• Paul Revere's engravings of King Philip and Benjamin Church, 1772, https://archive.org/details/entertaininghist00chur_0 (frontispiece and plate).
• Map of Mrs. Rowlandson's Removes (Nourse and Thayer 1903), in Lincoln (1913).
• Title page of Church's Entertaining Passages (Boston: B. Green, 1716), facsimile in Dexter's 1865 edition, https://archive.org/details/historyofkingphi00chur