CHAPTER TWO RESEARCH FILE

War and Witchcraft, 1674-1692 (the sons' era)

Working reference for drafting ellingwood-ch2.md. Everything known, argument by argument, each fact with its source. Quotes are transcribed from the printed Essex Quarterly Court volumes (EQC) unless noted. Images listed at the bottom are in /home/claude/eqc/.

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The cast as the chapter opens (January 1673/4)

• Eleanor, widow, about 38 (b. ca. 1636; aged "about thirty-three" in the 1669 deposition, EQC IV:216).
• The seven children and ages at their father's death: Ralph 16, John 14, Joseph 11, Mary 9, Elizabeth 7, Benjamin 5, David 3 (will and register; prologue note 8).
• The estate: whole to Eleanor as executrix, "to make use of all my estate to bring up our Children in the feare of the lord" (will abstract, EQC V:363-364). Inventory total 352li 12s 2d; 3s in coin.
• The farm: ten acres of Moulton's lot at the point, plus the 1660 waste-land grant to the point and the flats.
• Rev. John Hale, 37, six years into his Beverly pastorate.
• Open threads inherited from Chapter One: Josiah (bapt. 26 Mar 1644, no later record), James (b. ca. 1652/3, deposed 1669, no later record), Sara (bapt. June 1666, "may have been Josiah's" per Leonard); Elizabeth Tomkins' later life.

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ARGUMENT 1: THE WIDOW BATH (drafted)

William Basse alias Bath, the record trail:

• June 1673, presented at Salem "for being drunk about one month past. Wit: Edward Woollen and Adam Wesgatt" (EQC V:222).
• November 1673 session, venire/summons naming Bath "for being drunk, with witness, Tho. Ives" (EQC V:258).
• The deposition: "Edward Wooland, aged about forty-eight years, deposed that he saw William Bath coming along the street and Adam Westgage asked him whether he thought he was drunk. Deponent said he thought he was, for he reeled from one side of the street to the other and could not speak one plain word to him. Sworn, 27 : 9 : 1673, in Salem court" (EQC V:266-267).
• June 1674 session fines list: "William Basse, alias Bath, 9 : 12 : 1673, for drunkenness" (EQC V:363). 9:12:1673 = 9 February 1673/4, ten days after the 30 January inventory. SAME PRINTED PAGE as "Will and inventory of Ralph Ellenwood, deceased, were brought into court, proved and allowed," with the will abstract in the footnote ("I make helen my wife my lawfull executrix..."). Image: vol5-p363.png.
• Marriage to Eleanor: no record found. Window is mid-1674 (she swears the inventory as "Ellenor the relict," early July 1674) to June 1677.
• June 1677: "Martin Hall v. Wm. Bath and Elenor, his wife, relict of Ralph Ellenwood, deceased. Verdict for defendant" (EQC VI:288). Cause of action not stated. Same session as the mill toll fine (see Argument 4); same plaintiff.
• 1678: "William Bath, fisherman" in the oath-of-fidelity roll with the Beverly/Salem-side men, listed among Corning, Herrick, Conant, Dodge, Woodberry, Rayment, Tuck names (EQC VI:401).
• June 1678: "Ellin, wife of Wm. Bath, testified that Goody Hoar offered her pease to eat, which she said a friend gave her. Sworn, June 24, 1673 [sic; evidently 1678], before Samuel Symonds, Dept. Gov." (EQC VII:51). Her last known appearance. Part of the Hale-burglary case (see Argument 7).
• 1679-80: Salem shop ledger read into Higginson v. Murrell, Nov 1681 (EQC VIII:206): entries "to Mary Elenwood, 10s., 1 pc. Tape, 22d., 1 pc. tape, 15d., 13s. 1d." and "to Baths Gerle, 18d., 1s. 6d." Mary was Ralph's daughter, about 15. "Bath's girl" unidentified; possibly the same young woman under the household's name.
• 1683/4: "Wm. Baths house" on the Salem constable's rate lists, country rate 2s, ministers rate nil (EQC IX:365, 367; images in hand). Meaning unresolved: household in Salem, or a Salem house owned. Bath also served at Narragansett (see Argument 2).
• Eleanor's death: unrecorded anywhere found so far. FamilySearch tree formerly showed 1677 as a death year; relabeled to remarriage year.

Context for drafting: widow remarriage as ordinary economics; the will's single instruction; the two-surname alias convention.

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ARGUMENT 2: NARRAGANSETT (drafted)

The war reaches Essex County:

• Outbreak summer 1675, Plymouth Colony, Metacom/King Philip. Twelve towns destroyed, 600 buildings burned, 600 inhabitants killed in the war overall (Stone p. 28, crediting Everett).
• Bloody Brook, 18 Sept 1675: Capt. Thomas Lothrop of Beverly killed with his company escorting the Deerfield harvest convoy; 64 buried next day; Beverly's dead Josiah Dodge, Peter Woodberry, John Balch (Stone pp. 26-27). Council's postscript to Richard Smith, 22 Sept 1675: "This morning we received sad intelligence from Hadley... they were surprized by abundance of Indians that lay in ambushment, and received a dreadful blow" (Stone p. 27, from Provincial Military Records). Increase Mather: "were eight persons made widows, and six and twenty children made fatherless, and about sixty persons buried in one fatal grave" (Stone p. 27). Monument of 1835, cornerstone address by Edward Everett (Stone p. 27).
• Lothrop: about 65, married Bethiah Rea, no children, name extinct in the town; estate at Mackerel Cove; street named for him 1837; his sister Ellen married Ezekiel Cheever the schoolmaster (Stone pp. 27-28).
• Beverly forts erected near the meeting-house, at Bass River, at Mackerel Cove, and near John Dodge sen.'s (Stone p. 28).

The expedition:

• Beverly men in the Fort Narragansett expedition, under Capt. Joseph Gardner of Salem, per Stone (pp. 28-29, compiled from State-archive muster rolls): William Balch, William Bonner, Lot Conant, Christopher Read (wounded), William Ferryman, Christopher Browne, Moses Morgan, John Traske, William Allen, John Clark, Richard Hussband, Thomas Rayment, Ralph Ellingwood, Henry Bayley, Thomas Blashfield, John Ellingwood, Joseph Morgan, William Dodge, Jonathan Biles, William Rayment, Elias Picket, Samuel Harris, John Dodge.
• Ages: Ralph II 18 (b. 18 Mar 1657), John 16 (b. 2 Jul 1659).
• Gardner: son of Thomas and Margaret of Salem; m. Anne Downing, niece of Gov. Winthrop; capt. of Salem First Company May 1675; appointed 3 Nov 1675; mustered 95 strong at Dedham Plain 10 Dec (Bodge pp. 164-165).
• Company muster fragment, Mass. Archives 68:93 (printed Bodge p. 167), Beverly section: Christopher Brown, John Trask, Thomas Blashfield, Lott Cunant, Christopher Read, William fferyman, Moses Morgine, John Clark, William Allen, William bath, Richard Hussband. (The Ellinwood brothers are not on this fragment; pay was credited under Gardiner and/or Hathorne and lists survive incomplete, Bodge p. 165.)
• March: rendezvous Wickford; skirmishes en route, Gardner's stragglers killed "about their own business contrary to order" (Hubbard via Bodge p. 164); 18 Dec to Pettisquamscot (garrison there destroyed days before); night in open field in snowstorm, ~1000 English + 150 Mohegans; marched before daybreak Sunday 19 Dec, reached the swamp about noon (Bodge pp. 179-186).
• The fort: island of 5-6 acres in frozen cedar swamp; palisades, brush hedge near a rod thick (Hubbard), clay wall inside (Old Indian Chronicle), blockhouses and flankers; unfinished corner with felled tree at ~5 feet; ~500 wigwams, grain-proofed; frozen swamp the only reason it was assailable (Bodge p. 186).
• Gardner shot through the head, east end of the fort. Church's account (Entertaining History, via Bodge p. 164): "Mr. Church spying Capt. Gardner of Salem amidst the Wigwams in the East end of the Fort, made towards him; but on a sudden while they were looking each other in the face, Capt. Gardner settled down, Mr. Church stepped to him, and seeing the blood run down his cheek lifted up his cap and calling him by name, he looked up in his face but spake not a word, being mortally Shot through the head."
• Command to Lt. William Hathorne; ~3 hours fighting; order to burn the wigwams, with stores and people inside; night march back to Wickford in blinding snowstorm carrying 210 wounded and dead; 22 died on the march; buried Monday 20 Dec; army totals ~68 dead, ~150 wounded (Capt. Oliver's letter, via Bodge pp. 188-190).
• Company casualties, Mass. Archives 68:104 (Bodge p. 168): 7 slain (incl. Gardner) and 10 wounded, Joseph Read of Beverly among the wounded. No Ellinwood on the list.
• Company disbanded February 1675/6.
• John Raymond claimed to have been first soldier into the fort (Bodge p. 187n). Town not stated; verify against Beverly Rayments before use.
• Gardner's widow Anne m. Gov. Simon Bradstreet (about 73), 6 June 1676 (Bodge p. 165).
• Narragansett township grants, 1730s, Narraganset No. 3, Beverly list (Bodge p. 423): "Ralph Elinwood... (Alive)... (By himself)"; "John Elinwood... Andrew Dodge... Now Thomas Clark's, July 17, 1739"; also "Samuel Harris... Heirs... Ebenezer Elingwood" (an Ebenezer drawing another man's right). Confirms both brothers' service and Ralph II alive in the 1730s (supports the 1740/41 corrected death date; Appendix 3).

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ARGUMENT 3: JOHN'S FINGER (material ready, not drafted)

• Stone p. 174 (soldier lists "compiled with great labor from the muster-rolls in the State archives"): "1676. In a company stationed at Wells, on the eastern frontier, under the command of Capt. Frost, John Ellingwood, Thomas Parlor and Samuel Collins. Ellingwood was wounded, having the fore-finger of the right hand shot away; in consideration of which the General Court granted him, in 1700-1, £5 for his present relief, and £3 per annum during life."
• John was 17 in 1676. The award came 24-25 years after the wound.
• Capt. Frost = Charles Frost of Kittery (standard accounts; verify rank/first name before print).
• Context available: the eastern (Maine) theater 1676, raids on Wells/York/Kittery; Bodge has an eastern-service chapter.
• Later John material parked for this and later chapters: John "of Bas river"; children unbaptized until their mother Elizabeth reached communion 12 Jan 1695/6 (Beverly church records via O'Connor/Leonard); m. Elizabeth Rowlison 1684/5 (see Argument 6); a John on the New Castle NH tax list 1720.

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ARGUMENT 4: MEAL AT THE MILL (material ready, not drafted)

• Beverly church, Jan 1677: Ralph II publicly rebuked "for stealing meale at mill" (source: family literature quoting Beverly church records; find primary in the published First Church records, see research list).
• June 1677 court fines list: "Martin Hale (also, Hall), miller, of Beverly, and Ralph Ellenwood, his man, for taking too much toll" (EQC VI:316; image vol6-p316.png). So Ralph II was the miller's employee, and master and man were fined together.
• The fines-list page is a period gem: same list holds "Mr. Hardin of Beverly, for being distempered with drink," "Thorne and his wife, to be whipped," "A Frenchman, for being drunk," and "Nicho. Mory, Mr. Cromwell's man, for stealing a pig, and Greeneslad, for joining with him, and Best, the currier, for having it roasted in his house."
• The braid: the same Martin Hall sued Bath and Eleanor that same June session (VI:288) and lost. Employer of the son, plaintiff against the mother and stepfather, in one court sitting.
• Ralph II was 20 in June 1677.
• Explainer to carry: church discipline and civil court as two separate tracks handling one piece of conduct (public rebuke before the congregation; fine at the quarterly court). Miller's toll: the legal maximum share of meal a miller could take for grinding; "taking too much toll" = skimming.

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ARGUMENT 5: KATHERINE (partial; primary records still to pull)

• From the anecdote bank (via the family literature; primary citations needed): Ralph II's brief first marriage to a Katherine, dissolved by the court 1681-82 on her petition; she "would rather die than live with this man"; two men, one a surgeon, ordered to examine Ralph; her apparel and estate returned to her.
• Context to carry: Massachusetts treated marriage as a civil contract, and its courts could and did dissolve marriages, nearly unthinkable in contemporary England.
• Katherine's surname, the marriage date/place, and the exact court entries: NOT YET FOUND. Expect the case in EQC vol. VIII (1680-83); the E and possibly K indexes of vol. 8 are the first place to dig.

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ARGUMENT 6: TWO ROWLANDSON BRIDES (partial)

• John m. Elizabeth Rowlison, 1684/5 (family literature; verify in VRs).
• Ralph II m. Martha Rowlandson of the Salisbury Rowlandsons, 19 Aug 1691, at Marblehead (family literature; verify in Marblehead/Salisbury VRs).
• Two brothers, two Rowlandson women, six years apart.
• Open question (leads list): any connection between the Salisbury Rowlandsons and Rev. Joseph Rowlandson, husband of captivity-narrative author Mary Rowlandson? Speculation until checked; likely settles to "no."
• Ralph II and Martha's children then belong to Chapter Three (Ralph III b. 18 April 1694).

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ARGUMENT 7: GOODY HOAR (partial; the 1678 case is half-read)

• The June 1678 case at EQC VII, pp. ~48-54: thefts from Rev. John Hale's house, Beverly. Cast so far from p. 51 (image in hand): Margaret Lord, Hale's servant, the inside hand ("Marget Lord sold her a bushel of malt... which she said she had taken from her mistress"; seen abroad at nights; "Harris dared not hide Marget when she ran away"); the Hoar family as receivers (Goody Hoar taxed "for stealing a bag of wheat meal from old Goodman Leach... how cunningly she got it"); Tabitha Hoar; Samuel Harris' house with the linen; John Bond carrying wood to Mr. Hale's house and finding "Tabby Hoare eating an apple pie, with her lap full of apples"; Josiah Rootes and family deposing; ELEANOR's pease testimony.
• Goody Hoar = Dorcas Hoar of Beverly. In 1692 she was tried and condemned for witchcraft; Rev. Hale testified against her, recounting this very theft history; she confessed after sentencing and her execution was delayed (she survived). The 1678 case is the documented backstory of a 1692 condemnation, with the family's own Eleanor among the 1678 deponents.
• STILL TO PULL: EQC VII pp. 48-50 and 52-54 (rest of the case); the 1692 Dorcas Hoar trial papers (Hale's testimony verbatim).

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ARGUMENTS 8-9: 1692 / A MODEST ENQUIRY (partial)

• The frame already agreed: no Ellinwood appears anywhere in the trial records, though the family sat in Hale's congregation through all of it. State it plainly; it is remarkable on its own.
• Rev. John Hale in 1692: supported the trials early; his wife (Sarah Noyes Hale) was accused in the autumn; he turned, and wrote A Modest Enquiry into the Nature of Witchcraft (published 1702, after his 1700 death), one of the first serious critiques.
• The wife-accusation detail: the contemporary source is Robert Calef, More Wonders of the Invisible World (1700); pull the passage before printing.
• Dorcas Hoar thread lands here (condemned 25 Sept 1692; confessed; reprieved).
• Beverly texture available: Mary, Benjamin's wife, baptized 1692 "upon ye profession of faith and repentance; yet desires to wait a while before she comes to ye Lord's Supper" (came to the Supper 7 Feb 1695) — the congregation's ordinary life continuing through the trials.
• Salem's population about 1,700 in 1692 (outline claim; verify source before print).
• Lt. William Hathorne of the Narragansett company: verify whether brother of John Hathorne, the 1692 examining magistrate. If yes, a one-line echo between the two arguments.

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Images and files in hand

• /home/claude/eqc/: vol5-p222, vol5-p258, vol5-p266, vol5-p267 (Bath drink case); vol5-p363, vol5-p364 (fine + will proved, probate); vol6-p288 (Hall v. Bath and Elenor); vol6-p316 (mill toll fines list); vol6-p401 (fidelity oath, Bath fisherman); vol7-p051 (Hoar case, Eleanor's pease); vol8-p206 (Murrell ledger); vol9-p365, p367, p369 (Salem rates, "Wm. Baths house"). All upscaled PNGs from salem.lib.virginia.edu.
• stone_beverly.txt (Stone, History of Beverly, 1843, full text; war material pp. 26-29, 174).
• Bodge full text in scratchpad (bodge.txt): re-download at need from archive.org/details/soldiersinkingph1906bodg.
• Copyright: EQC printed vols (1911-21), Stone (1843), Bodge (1891/1906), Calef (1700), Hale (1702) all public domain. Facsimiles fine.

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FURTHER RESEARCH LIST (not started; candidates to discuss)

A. High value, doable from this workspace (salem.lib.virginia.edu / archive.org):

1. Full Ellinwood/Ellenwood/Elenwood index sweep of EQC vols 7, 8, 9 (1678-1686), the sons' adult years. Method proven. Should surface the Katherine case (vol 8), any Ralph II/John/Joseph appearances, and Bath loose ends.
2. The Katherine annulment primary record: EQC vol 8 E/K indexes, then the pages. Gets her surname, the dates, the court's exact words, and citations to replace the family-literature quotes.
3. The rest of the Goody Hoar 1678 case: EQC VII pp. 48-50, 52-54.
4. Dorcas Hoar's 1692 trial papers, including Hale's testimony: the Salem witchcraft papers are transcribed at the same UVA site (salem.lib.virginia.edu, 17th-century documents section) and in the published Records of the Salem Witch-Hunt.
5. Hale's A Modest Enquiry (1702): full text on archive.org; pull for the 1692 argument's quotes.
6. Calef, More Wonders of the Invisible World (1700): the passage on Mrs. Hale's accusation.
7. The Records of the First Church in Beverly (published 1905, archive.org): the primary for Ralph II's Jan 1677 rebuke "for stealing meale at mill," the family's admissions and baptisms (John's children 1695/6, Benjamin's Mary 1692-95), Hale-era discipline, and whether Dorcas Hoar appears. Probably the single richest untouched source for this chapter.
8. John's pension: the 1700/1 General Court grant, in Massachusetts Acts and Resolves (private acts volumes, archive.org); exact wording of the award.
9. Bodge's eastern-service chapters for the 1676 Wells garrison and Capt. Charles Frost (bodge.txt already downloaded).
10. Vital Records of Marblehead and Salisbury (published, archive.org): the two Rowlandson marriages; and the Salisbury Rowlandson family vs Rev. Joseph Rowlandson of Lancaster (the Mary Rowlandson question).

B. FamilySearch films (Jordan's side, or workspace if reachable): 11. Eleanor-Bath marriage hunt, 1674-77: the county register and Salem fair copy already used for Chapter One (films 007009706 item 3; 007011200 item 2), plus Beverly returns. 12. Leonard 1963, pages from Ralph II onward (already owed; feeds Katherine, Rowlandsons, and Chapter Three). 13. Essex probate index for William Bath (a probate would date his death and possibly show Eleanor).

C. Verify-before-print small items: 14. EQC VII:51 sworn date printed "June 24, 1673," evidently 1678. 15. John Raymond first-into-the-fort: confirm Beverly's Rayment family before using (Perley; Beverly VRs). 16. Lt. William Hathorne / Judge John Hathorne kinship (Perley, History of Salem). 17. Which Conant and which Rayments in the company (generations), before naming them beyond surnames. 18. Salem population ~1,700 in 1692: find the source or drop the number. 19. "Wm. Baths house" on the 1683/4 Salem rates: where was the Bath household in the 1680s.

D. Archive leads (long shots, off-line): 20. The original file papers of Hall v. Bath and Elenor (June 1677) and the mill toll case: the Essex County Court Archives (manuscript file papers) at the Phillips Library, Peabody Essex Museum. The printed EQC volumes abstract the files; the originals sometimes hold the depositions the abstracts skip. Would answer what Hall's suit was about.

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FINDINGS OF THE 19 SEPTEMBER EVENING SWEEP

All items below were pulled this session from the primary or public-domain sources named. Page images added to /home/claude/eqc/; full texts saved to /home/claude/ (beverly_church.txt, calef.txt, burr-witchcraft-narratives.txt, swp68-dorcas-hoar.txt, marblehead_vr2.txt, salisbury_vr.txt, acts7.txt).

Argument 4 (Meal at the Mill): rebuke date CORRECTED

Primary found, Records of the First Church in Beverly (1905 ed.): "1677 20: 1 mo. A Churchmeeting; when Goody Bayly was admitted into ye Church & Ralf Ellenwood a childe of ye Covenant in this Church was publikly rebuked & admonished wth consent of ye brethren, for stealing meale at mill." Date is 20 March 1676/7, NOT January 1677 as the family literature has it. Bonus phrase: "a childe of ye Covenant in this Church," Ralph II rebuked as a member's son.

Argument 5 (Katherine): PRIMARY FOUND. EQC VIII, 356-357 (Salem, June 1682)

• Docket: "Katheren Ellenwood, complaining of her husband Ralph Ellenwood's insufficiency, was given her apparel and what estate she brought with her, and court declared the marriage annulled." ("Insufficiency" is the legal ground: impotence.)
• Her petition, abstracted: "that she was very young and would rather die than live with this man, etc."
• The examination: "Danil Weld and Richard Knott, chirurgeon, testified that they were ordered by court to report upon Ellinwood's condition, etc." NOTE: Daniel Weld of Salem was chief surgeon of the Narragansett army (Bodge roster). The surgeon ordered to examine Ralph had been his own campaign's surgeon.
• THE WITCHES LINE: "Mary Houghton deposed concerning what Ralph Ellenwood told her in his house one night when she sat up later than usual. He said he thought there were witches not far off, etc." Ralph II, 1682, ten years before the trials. The "etc." hides the rest; the original file paper (Phillips Library) is now a doubly motivated lead.
• Character witnesses FOR Katherine: Ruth Haskins ("a woman of civil carriage in word and action"), Abigail Stone and Elizabeth Hooper ("a civil person"), David and Elizabeth Perkins, John and Elizabeth Richards ("good character"), Mary Horton ("Katherine lived in one room of the house in which deponent lived and that she was a civil woman", i.e. separated and boarding). Willmott Mould, Mary and Ann Cromwell also testified (all by mark).
• Still unfound: Katherine's surname, and any marriage record. Images: vol8-p356.png, vol8-p357.png.

Argument 7 (Goody Hoar): THE 1678 CASE FULLY READ. EQC VII, 43-55 (Salem, June 1678); sequel at VII, 181-183 (1679)

• Warrant, 31 May 1678, names her outright: apprehension of "Dorcas Hoare, Mary Harris, Elizabeth Johnson and Anis Hoare, for receiving stolen goods, such as flour, malt and oatmeal from Margaret Lord." The Dorcas identification is documentary, not inferred. (Special charges name "Dorcas Hoar and her three daughters Mary Harris, Elizabeth Johnson and Annis Hoar.")
• John Hale's own first-person testimony, aged about 42 (p. 43, 46): returning from a journey 21 March to find "my late servant Marget Lord had run away"; six numbered points on his losses; the key found "fresh & bright as a key in dayly use"; the pease hogshead 4.5 bushels short three pecks; "I sold noe oatmeale to Goody Hoar since last march." Eleanor's pease line is evidence in this receiving chain.
• Rebecca Hale jr., 11-12 years old (pp. 46-49): threatened with the marking iron; "shee kept a rope in the hay to hang mee with Iff I told"; "many tymes held mee over the well to affright mee and once shee put mee into the bucket of the fore well and lett me down to the bottom"; told that murders of children are discovered in England "but it could not so easily bee discouered heere"; "Shee said shee had a book in which shee Could read and call the diuell to kill Sarah"; Margaret calling Goody Stone "that old witches linnen" owner; thirty-four stones thrown into the well. THE WITCH VOCABULARY IS ALREADY PRESENT IN 1678, from the minister's own household.
• Robert Hale (the son): Margaret sending Sarah to Betty Johnson's "to see Iff there weere a merry bout and said Iff Sarah would doe what shee bade hir the deuill should not ketch hir"; Margaret called Goody Hoare "mother" and Nancy "sister"; threat to brand him with a red hot iron; Margaret and Nancy Hoar "singing and dancing" on the Sabbath of Goodwife Dodge's funeral, then "the Lord haue mercy upon us what haue wee done, and then fall a danceing and tearing againe."
• MARY ELLENWOOD'S DEPOSITION (p. 52): "Mary (her mark) Ellenwood, aged a little above fourteen years, testified that just before Marget Lord ran away, Nancie Hoar told deponent that she was to have a new suit of clothes made and had black ribbons to tie her ruffles and her bracelets with. Marget hid in Goody Harris' barn when the constable came... Upon opening Marget's bundle, there were found an apron, lace and a fine handkerchief, a pair of gloves, pair of ear knots and a silk hood. Mary Harris put them at the foot of her bed and said if the constable came, she would say they were hers, etc. Sworn, June 24, 1678, before Samuel Symonds, Dep. Gov." Mother and daughter deposed the same day.
• Roger Conant, "aged about eighty-six years," deposed (canvas stolen while the Hoar daughters bought apples; the one he asked replied "it was not she, if anybody, it was her sister"). One of his last appearances in any record; he died 1679.
• Josiah Rootes' complaint, 25 June 1678: "for neare twenty years together we haue ben Aflicted by hauing owr goods stollen... And god by his prouidens hauing latlie discouered sum of Theas wokes of darknes wee Judg yt To be owre duty To speake in vindicasion of Truth." The neighborhood's own phrase: works of darkness.
• Constable John Black's search (special warrant from Maj. Hathorne): Mrs. Hale's black silk hood and cut-work stomacher found at Samuel Harris's; Naples silk and a jug of oatmeal at William Hoar's; "Both houses appeared to be rifled or at least emptied of all manner of linen."
• The prosecution's query (p. 55): "how could Tabbye and Nancie use so many bushels of Indian malt, wheat and pease in a little house with but one fire, and their mother so much at home and know nothing about it?"
• Nancy (Annis) Hoar's own deposition was sworn 7 May 1678 "before John Hale" himself. List of stolen articles attested by John and Rebecka Hale: 10li. 2s. 6d.
• Goodman Lambert's canoe, carried off and found "on Bass river side at the end of Goodman Hoar's lot with the latter's paddle in it and oil spilt in the canoe."
• Disposition against Margaret Lord NOT located (she had absconded; search warrant returned "could not find the party"); index leads: "Lord" at EQC VII, 254, 313, 345.
• THE SEQUEL, 1679 (pp. 181, 183): warrant 24 Feb 1678/9 against Elizabeth Johnson, Annis and Simon Hoar for abusing "some of Mr. Hale's cattle by cruelly beating them, whereby one of them is dead"; Wm. Dodge sr.: the skinned cow "very black upon the ribs as if she had been beaten"; Hale certified 31 Mar 1679 he found his white-faced cow dead in his stable, and closed his testimony "the Lord giveth and the Lord taketh and blessed be the name of the Lord"; Dodge and Hill's complaint that no other families in town had shown "such an euill spiritt to our minister as these haue done," that William Hoar had used threatening speeches, and that the pastor's "house disturbed with some person or persons knocking and making a noise in ye Dead time of the night and towards Day sometimes att the Dore." Sentences: Elizabeth Johnson convicted, 3li; "Annis and Simon Hoare were sentenced to be whipped by the constable in a house at Beaverley with a birch rod, before three or four of the selectmen, six lashes each."
• Images: vol7-p043, 046, 047, 048, 049, 050, 052, 053, 054, 055, 181, 183.

Arguments 8-9 (1692 / A Modest Enquiry): PRIMARY DOCUMENTS SECURED

• Dorcas Hoar's full 1692 case file: SWP No. 68, UVA Salem archive transcriptions, saved to swp68-dorcas-hoar.txt. Highlights:
  • Examination, 2 May 1692: "Oh! you are liars, & God will stop the mouth of liars"; "I have no book, but the Lords book"; the afflicted crying out mid-examination.
  • SWP 68.10, John Hale's testimony, 6 Sept 1692, aged 56: Dorcas the fortune teller; the borrowed "book of Palmstry"; her repentance "about twenty two yeares agoe"; "But 14 yeares agoe last spring I discovered an evill practice had been between a servant of mine & some of sd Hoars children in conveying goods out of my house to the s'd Hoars"; his daughter Rebecca "then between 11 & 12 years old... She was threatened that Goody Hoar was a witch & had a book by w'ch shee could tell what s'd Rebecca did tell me in my house." THE 1678 CASE, RETOLD UNDER OATH IN 1692, with the witch-threat explicit. The two ends of the thread are now both in hand.
  • Condemned (with the eight of 22 Sept); confessed, "signed his book with the forefinger of her right hand."
  • SWP 68.17, petition of 21 Sept 1692, by JOHN HALE with Nicholas Noyes, Daniel Epes, John Emerson jr., to Gov. Phips: that Dorcas having confessed "earnestly craves a little longer time of life to realize & perfect her repentance," asking "one months time or more to prepare for death." The man who testified against her begged the delay that saved her; the last hangings were the next morning. She survived the collapse of the trials.
  • Witnesses in the file include the Beverly neighbors: Benjamin Balch, David Balch, Ens. Corning, Christopher Reed, the Tucks, the Morgans.
• Calef, More Wonders of the Invisible World (1700), part 5, pp. 107-108 (calef.txt): "In October, 1692, One of Wenham complained of Mrs. Hale, whose Husband the Minister of Beverly, had been very forward in these Prosecutions, but being fully satisfied of his Wives sincere Christianity, caused him to alter his Judgment; for it was come to a stated Controversie among the New-England Divines, whether the Devil could Afflict in a good Man's shape... yet when it came so near to himself, he was soon convinc'd that the Devil might so Afflict. Which same reason did afterwards prevail with many others; and much influenced to the succeeding change at Tryals." (Calef also records a personal discourse with Hale, calef.txt line ~7370.)
• Hale, A Modest Enquiry into the Nature of Witchcraft (written 1697, published 1702): full text in Burr, Narratives of the Witchcraft Cases (1914), pp. 399-432, saved as burr-witchcraft-narratives.txt. Key passages:
  • Higginson's prefatory epistle: Hale "having for above Thirty Years been Pastor of the Church at Beverly (but Two Miles from Salem, where the Tryals were) was frequently present, and was a diligent Observer of all that passed."
  • Hale on 1692 (Burr pp. 426-427): "the errors and mistakes that have been in the year 1692. In the apprehending too many we may believe were innocent, and executing of some, I fear, not to have been condemned"; and THE sentence: "But such was the darkness of that day, the tortures and lamentations of the afflicted, and the power of former presidents, that we walked in the clouds, and could not see our way. And we have most cause to be humbled for error on that hand, which cannot be retrieved."
  • His proposal "for clearing the good name and reputation of some that have suffered."

Beverly church records: further finds (beverly_church.txt)

• 12:11:1695/6 (= 12 Jan 1695/6): "Abiel wife of Peter Yaunton & Elizabeth wife of John Elenwood & Priscilla daughter of Cornelius Baker these admitted to ye Lords Supper." The outline's date confirmed in the primary.
• 15 Aug 1696: "Baptized David son of John Ellenwood by Elizabeth [Rowlinson] his wife." Seven months after her admission; the mechanism (children's baptism waiting on the mother's standing) documented end to end.
• 12 June 1692: "Mary wife of Benjamin Ellenwood baptized upon ye profession of her faith & repentance; yet desiers to waite a while before she comes to ye Lords Supper." TWO DAYS after the first hanging (Bridget Bishop, 10 June). Benjamin and Mary's children "Benjamin, William & Mary" baptized together the following month (entry garbled, June/July 26, 1692). Mary came to the Supper in early 1694/5 (entry OCR-damaged; outline's 7 Feb 1695 to be reconciled).
• 29 May 1692: "Baptized Returne daughter of Ralph [and Ellen] Ellenwood." A DAUGHTER NAMED RETURN, baptized as the panic gathered, 12 days before the first hanging. Not in our notes from the family books; verify against Leonard/O'Connor and the VRs.
• 5 Sept 1697: "Ebenezer son of Ralph Ellenwood by his wife [Ellen]." Ebenezer b. 1697; presumably the Ebenezer Elingwood who drew Samuel Harris's Narragansett right in the 1730s claim lists.
• DISCREPANCY TO RESOLVE: in both 1692 and 1697 baptisms the 1905 editors bracket Ralph II's wife as [Ellen], against the Aug 1691 Marblehead marriage to Martha Rowlandson. The brackets are editorial insertions from other records. Either the editors erred, or Martha went by another name, or there was a remarriage. Bears directly on the Two Rowlandson Brides argument; check Beverly VRs and Leonard's Ralph II pages.
• 24 March 1700: "Benjamin Ellenwood admitted to fellowship in ye Lords Supper in this Church."
• 20 Jan 1727/8: "Wife of Ralph Ellenwood Jun'" received to full communion, i.e. Sarah (Woodbury), months before Ralph III was lost at sea Jan 1728/9. For Chapter Three.
• The Hoar circle inside the church in the 1690s: Sarah wife of Wm. Hoar admitted 15:10:1695; Tabitha Slew baptized and submitted 22:10:1695.
• 17:7:1699: "My wife Elizabeth received into this church... from Newbury" — Hale's register in his own voice, his third wife.
• July 31, 1715: a Wm. Ellenwood owned the covenant; 1727+ entries for later generations (Ebenezer & wife Sarah, Jonathan, Paul & Hepzibah's children incl. a Dorcas) for later chapters.

Rowlandson marriages: VERIFIED in the published VRs

• Marblehead VR II: "ELLINGWOOD, John, of Busriner, and Elizabeth Rowlison of Salisbury, Jan. 8, 1634-5" (the volume's date a printing error for 1684-5; "Busriner" = Bass River). Salisbury VR: "ROWLISON, Elizabeth, and John Ellingwood of Busriner, at Marblehead, Jan. 13, 1684[/5]." Two printed days (8 vs 13), one event; note both.
• Marblehead VR II: "Ralph [Ellinwood], and Martha Rowlandson of Beverly, Aug. 19, 1691." NOTE: Martha is "of Beverly" here, not Salisbury.
• Both weddings AT Marblehead; why, an open question.
• The Salisbury Rowlandson family (Roleson/Rolendson/Rowlison spellings) present in Salisbury from at least 1654 (Thomas Roleson m. Dorethie Portland, 17 May 1654). Nothing found connecting them to Rev. Joseph Rowlandson of Lancaster (husband of the captivity author); his family was Ipswich. Lead cooling.

John's pension: PRIMARY FOUND, IN HIS OWN WORDS

Acts and Resolves of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, VII (Resolves), 1700-1 chapter 78, pp. 270-271, with the petition printed in the notes at p. 657 (originals: Mass. Archives 70:503, 506; council records VII:167). Text saved in acts7.txt.

• The vote: "there be paid to the petitioner out of the province treasury five pounds towards his present relief, and for the future three pounds per annum during his life." Passed the House 8 March, concurred by the Council and approved 11 March 1700/1.
• THE PETITION, February 1700/1, John's own account, verbatim: "your poor distrest petitioner was in ye latter End of ye first Indian Warr viz about ye yeare of Our Lord God 1676 Imprest & sent to ye Eastward as a souldier in ye Countrey service against ye Indian Enemy & in ye Towne of Wells being then vnder ye Comand of Capt Frost & Leiut Sweat your peticoner was sorely wounded in my right hand my fore finger being shott away & ye rest of my hand so greiuously shattered & Torn & bones broaken yt it hath been thereby rendred almost altogether vseless Euer since Whereby its very difficult for me to provide for my wife & family haueing 6 Children which otherwise were my hand well with ye blessing of God I could Comfortably doe... Yor petitioner doth Gratefully acknowledge that some small Matter hath been done for me formerly which hopes may not hinder something further being done."
• Signed "Marke of John [his mark] Ellenwood." A man petitioning about his ruined right hand signs by mark.
• "Imprest": conscripted, at seventeen. The wound was not a finger only: the whole hand "shattered & Torn & bones broaken... almost altogether vseless Euer since." Stone's summary undersold it.
• Fellow soldiers' certificate below the petition: "Wee ye subscribers being souldiers at ye same time with John Ellenwood doe Certify yt to our Certaine knowledge he was wounded as abovesd" — Thomas Parlor (his mark), Samll Collins. The same two men Stone lists at Wells with him.
• Endorsement: Roger Haskell heard Henry Herrick, constable of Beverly, say he paid forty shillings out of a country rate to John in 1680 (the "small Matter... done for me formerly").
• "Leiut Sweat" = Benjamin Sweet, ensign-promoted-lieutenant of GARDNER'S Narragansett company (Bodge roster). The same officer in both brothers' wars.

FURTHER RESEARCH LIST: STATUS AFTER THE SWEEP

DONE this session: (1) EQC vols 7-9 index sweep (all Ellinwood entries found and pulled; vol IX has none); (2) Katherine case; (3) rest of the 1678 Hoar case; (4) Dorcas Hoar 1692 SWP file; (5) Hale's Modest Enquiry (via Burr); (6) Calef's Mrs. Hale passage; (7) Beverly First Church records; (8) John's pension with petition; (10) both Rowlandson marriages in the VRs. STILL OPEN, carried forward:

• Katherine's surname and marriage record (Beverly/Salem VRs, Leonard's Ralph II pages).
• The [Ellen] vs Martha wife discrepancy for Ralph II (new; see church records above).
• Daughter Return (1692) and son Ebenezer (1697): check against Leonard/O'Connor and Beverly VRs.
• Margaret Lord's own fate: EQC VII, 254, 313, 345.
• Eleanor-Bath marriage record; Bath probate; "Wm. Baths house" on the 1683/4 Salem rates.
• Hathorne kinship (Lt. William vs Judge John); John Raymond's town; Salem population figure; which Conant/Rayments by generation.
• Bodge's eastern chapters for the 1676 Wells context (bodge.txt refs at lines ~2675, 30335, 31434: Capt. Charles Frost of Kittery confirmed).
• Phillips Library file papers, now with three targets: Hall v. Bath and Elenor (1677); the Katherine file (the full "witches not far off" deposition); the Hoar/Lord file originals.

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ADDENDUM, 19 Sep evening: two follow-ups resolved

The [Ellen] discrepancy: RESOLVED. It was the 1905 editors' error; the wife was Martha throughout.

• The brackets in the printed church records are editorial insertions (names supplied by the 1905 editors, not manuscript text). In the 1697 entry the record's own words are "by his wife [ ]" with the name supplied, so the reading cannot be a grandmother in attendance; the editors simply supplied the wrong wife, evidently reaching for the older known couple "Ralph and Ellen" (Ralph I and Eleanor, as in the VR entry "Benjamin, s. Ralph and Ellen, bp. 17:3m:1668").
• Proof from the published Vital Records of Beverly (births, beverly_vr1.txt): "Return, d. Ralph and Marthew [= Martha], May 22, 1692." The TOWN record names Martha. So: RETURN ELLINWOOD, b. 22 May 1692, baptized 29 May 1692, daughter of Ralph II and Martha (Rowlandson).
• Same VR list adds more children of Ralph II and Martha, for this chapter's end and Chapter Three: "Martha, d. Ralph and Martha, Feb. 7, 1700"; "Thomas, s. Ralph and Martha, bp. May 16, 1703. c.r.1."; "Esther, d. Ralph, bp. Aug. 24, 1707. c.r.1." (no mother named). Also "John, s. John and Ellizabeth, Mar. 2, 1685[/6]" (John and Elizabeth Rowlison's first son) and "David, s. John and Elizabeth, bp. Aug. 16, 1696" (VR says Aug 16; church record read as 15 Aug; reconcile at print).
• The Ebenezer (1697) [Ellen] bracket falls with the same finding; his mother was Martha.
• The manuscript church register itself was not found in the Congregational Library's digitized collections; with the VR corroboration the point is settled enough for print, with a sources note.

The "witches not far off" deposition: where the original lives, and how to get it

• The printed EQC series (1911-21) ABSTRACTS the file papers; "etc." marks the editors' cuts. The full Mary Houghton deposition exists in two fuller forms:
  1. The ORIGINAL manuscript file papers, "Essex County Court Archives" (Quarterly Court file papers, ca. 1636-1694), on deposit at the Phillips Library, Peabody Essex Museum. The library's collection center and reading room are in ROWLEY, Mass. (Route 1), about 45 minutes north of Boston; research visits by appointment. Finding-aid portal: pem.as.atlas-sys.com (search "Essex County Court Archives"). NOTE: the witchcraft volumes were returned to the Mass. Supreme Judicial Court / State Archives (announced 2023); the ordinary court files, including 1682, remained with Phillips.
  2. Archie N. Frost, comp., "Verbatim Transcriptions of the Records of the Quarterly Courts of Essex County, Massachusetts, 1636-1694," 57 typescript volumes (Salem, 1939), the WPA-era verbatim transcription, also at the Phillips Library. This is the easy-to-read version of the same papers.
• Possible from-home route: FamilySearch catalog no. 40003, "Court records and papers, 1636-1692 [Essex County]" (microfilm); check whether images open at home or only at a FamilySearch center.
• FOR THE READING-ROOM REQUEST (sister in Boston): Salem Quarterly Court, June session 1682; case of Katherine Ellenwood, complaining of her husband Ralph Ellenwood; printed abstract at Records and Files of the Quarterly Courts of Essex County VIII:356-357; wanted: the deposition of Mary Houghton (also spelled Horton) containing Ralph's words about witches, plus Katherine's petition. While there, same collection: Hall v. Bath and Elenor (Salem, June 1677; EQC VI:288, cause of action unknown) and the Margaret Lord / Dorcas Hoar burglary file (Salem, June 1678; EQC VII:43-55).

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ADDENDUM 2, 19 Sep evening: ORIGINAL 1692 MANUSCRIPTS SECURED

Hale's original testimony, in his own hand, downloaded

The UVA Salem archive hosts scans of the ORIGINAL Essex County Court Archives witchcraft documents (517 of them), browsable by name at salem.lib.virginia.edu/archives/essex/ecca/ (name index pages A-B through S-W; each document at vol1/NNN.html with full-size jpgs under small/).

• Downloaded to /home/claude/witchcraft-originals/: 211_0001-0002 (JOHN HALE'S TESTIMONY v. DORCAS HOAR, 6.7.1692, autograph, "John Hale aged 56 years Testifieth"); 169_0001 (warrant v. Dorcas Hoar); 204_0001-0002 (indictment); 206_0001-0002 (examination).
• Facsimile candidates for the 1692 argument: Hale's first page is legible and carries the whole 1678 retelling in his hand. Public domain.
• Other Hoar originals available at the same site if wanted: 207, 208, 210, 212-219 (the neighbors' and the afflicted girls' depositions), 215, 217.

New fact from the full Hale testimony: REBECCA HALE DIED BEFORE 1692

The testimony's closing passage: "after my daughters death a freind told me that my daughter said to her shee went in fear of her life by the Hoars till quieted by the script'r Feare not them which can kill the body &c." So Rebecca, the eleven-year-old of the 1678 depositions (the marking iron, the rope in the hay, the well), was dead by September 1692, and Hale learned of her fear only afterward. The 1678-1692 thread now has its darkest strand: the chapter should carry it at documentary weight, no embroidery needed.

What Jordan was browsing on FamilySearch: identified

The "Witchcraft" volume with the two-column index ("pages of original" / "pages of this book") is a VICTORIAN FAIR COPY of the witchcraft papers, not the originals. Its text adds nothing beyond the SWP transcriptions in hand; no need to mine it further now that the originals are downloadable from UVA.

Two additions for the 1692 argument, from the copy volume's pages

• JOB TOOKEY of Beverly, "waterman," indicted 1692 for afflicting Mary Warren (tried Jan 1692/3, acquitted). Beverly's second accused, alongside Dorcas Hoar. Add to the 1692 argument; his SWP case file is at the UVA site too.
• The testimonials of John Higginson and Samuel Cheever (Marblehead, 2 Jan 1692/3) on behalf of Sarah Buckley ("allwayes looked upon her as a serious Godly woman"): ministers signing for an accused woman as the tide turned; context for reading Hale's reprieve petition.

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ADDENDUM 3, 19 Sep: FamilySearch film 007011221 anatomy + a Parlor bonus

The film's contents (from the FamilySearch "Information" panel, image 96 target sheet "Court Records ... 1674-1681")

Film 007011221 holds six items back to back; the "97-image" waypoint Jordan kept landing in is only Item 1:

• Item 1: Court records vol. 2, 1672-1681 (copy of original) -- the 97-image court book. ENDS 1681.
• Item 2: Witchcraft papers, 1655-1750 (the Victorian fair-copy volume; see Addendum 2).
• Item 3: Court records 1638-1692: INDEXES to court records/papers 1636-1695.
• Item 4: Essex Co. births, marriages, deaths, 1681-1786.
• Items 5-6: Court records 1688-1689, 1686. => There is NO 1682 court record book on this film. Item 1 stops at 1681; the next court books jump to 1686 and 1688-89. So the June 1682 Katherine session cannot be reached here by paging. (The record-book text of that session is anyway what the printed EQC VIII:356-357 abstracts; the only thing beyond the abstract is the loose Mary Houghton deposition, which is Phillips Library file-paper material, never filmed for FamilySearch.) CONCLUSION: 1682 is a Phillips Library / Frost-typescript job, full stop; stop hunting it on FamilySearch.

Dating these record books at a glance (method, for future sessions)

• Session header: "Att a Court held at Salem [date]" followed by two columns of jurors' names.
• Entry-ending triplets d:m:y with months counted from March: month 4 = June, 9 = November. "21:9:77" = 21 Nov 1677.
• Calibration of Item 1 (vol. 2): image 40 header = 27:9:1677 (Nov 1677); image ~70 = 1680-81; ~9 images/year.

Bonus find while browsing (image 70, right leaf), for the pension/John's-finger argument

The Nov-1680/81 fines include "Thomas Parler & his wife, for committing fornication before marriage, are fined 5s for both." This is Thomas Parlor -- the same fellow soldier who, twenty years later, signed the certificate under John Ellenwood's 1700/1 pension petition swearing he saw John wounded at Wells. The neighborhood the war bound together is the same one the church-discipline machine kept fining. A quiet, true aside for the John's-Finger or Meal-at-the-Mill argument: these veterans were neighbors before and after, in the muster roll and in the fornication fines alike.

• ALSO on image 40 (Nov 1677): Philip English (the 1692-accused Salem merchant) appears as a litigant -- period color, not family.
• ALSO images 41-42: original loose file papers photographed tipped into the book -- proof the copy volumes occasionally carry real file papers; watch for them.

VR check for Katherine's & Eleanor's marriages: NEGATIVE (done 19 Sep)

• Beverly VR (published, marriages from ~1700 only): no Ralph-Katherine, no Eleanor-Bath. Too early; Beverly's 17th-c. marriages largely don't survive in print.
• Salem published VR marriages: no Ellinwood/Bath match for the 1655-82 window either. => Katherine's surname and the Eleanor-Bath marriage record remain genuinely unfound; both are Phillips Library / manuscript-hunt items, not gettable from published sources in hand.